1. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

2. DNA vs. RNA (Make a Venn Diagram)
-Deoxyribose
-Thymine
-Double Helix
RNA
-ribose
-Uracil
-single twisted strand
Both
-Nucleic acid
-Nucleotides: C, G, A

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4. Protein Synthesis
The process of taking DNA and bringing the “chemical code” to life. We do this by making proteins that we need to carry out life-sustaining processes.
Two key steps:
Transcription
Translation

5. Protein Synthesis Transcription mRNA (messenger RNA) is TRANSCRIBED
Take the DNA single strand and add complimentary base pairs except RNA format-uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)
Occurs inside the nucleus

6. Terminology for Translation
Codon:A sequence of three nucleotides located on the mRNA
Anticodon:A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of the tRNA molecule

7. 2. Translation
Occurs inside a ribosome.
Codon on mRNA that will match the anticodon on the tRNA
tRNA links the anticodon to the codon
tRNA has an amino acid attached-determined by codon. As codon/anticodon is matched amino acids are bound together by means of a peptide bond
Linking amino acids together forms a polypeptide chain, which is folded into proteins.

9. Why do we need Protein Synthesis?
Make proteins- chain of amino acids.
We need proteins for growth and development of cells
More specifically, we need polypeptide chains (proteins) with a specific code so it can do a specific job within our body

10. Few more things about protein synthesis:
DNA can never leave the nucleus
Transcription occurs in the nucleus
Translation occurs at the ribosome (in cytoplasm)
There is always a ‘start’ message (AUG) and a ‘stop’ message (UGA).
-start gets the ribosome working
-stop lets the ribosome release the polypeptide chain.

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