1. 18.6 Behind the Lines pp

2. Objectives:
Investigate Northerners’ and Southerners’ attitudes toward government.
Explain how the North and the South paid for the war.

3. Review: 1. The years of the American Civil War were ________-________.
2. Where were the opening shots of the war fired?
3. List the four border slave states that remained loyal the Union.
4. What Southern city became the Confederate capital?
5. List three Confederate advantages.
6. List three Confederate disadvantages.
7. List three Union advantages

4. Review:
8. What were the three parts of Winfield Scott’s Union strategy?
9. The Confederate army planned to fight a ____________________ war.
10. Which Union general played a major role in winning the war for the North?
11. Which outstanding Confederate general understood the battlefield as well as anyone in the military?

5. Review:
12. Confederate soldiers were called ________________ and their official uniform color was __________________.
13. Union soldiers were called ____________________ and wore _______________ uniforms.
14. What was the first major battle of the Civil War?
15. Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson earned the nickname __________________ at the Battle of Bull Run.
16. Which Union general was skilled at organization, but overly-cautious in battle?
17. Define blockade-runner—
18. Define ironclad—
19. What was the name of the Confederacy’s first ironclad?
20. What was the name of the Union’s first ironclad?
21. Which Civil War battle was the bloodiest single day in American history?
22. For what three reasons was the Battle of Antietam important?
23. Identify the Emancipation Proclamation—
24. The Emancipation Proclamation transformed the Civil War into a struggle against __________________.

6. Review:
25. About ______________ (number) African Americans served in the Union army and navy.
26. What was the best-known African American regiment?
27. Which battle was Robert E. Lee’s greatest victory?
28. Which Confederate general was mortally wounded by friendly-fire at Chancellorsville?
29. What was the largest battle ever fought in the Western Hemisphere?
30. A disastrous frontal assault known as __________________’s Charge was the climax of the Battle of Gettysburg.
31. In the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln made it clear that the dead of the battle had given the nation “a new ____________ of _____________.”

7. Review:
32. At what April 1862 battle did Confederates surprise Grant’s army?
33. Which city blocked Union control of the Mississippi River?
34. Define siege—
35. Confederates at Vicksburg surrendered to Grant’s Union forces on _________ ____, 1863.

8. A. Wartime Government (pp. 589-590)
A group of Peace Democrats, called Copperheads, called for ending the war at any price.
Many measures Lincoln used to silence opposition violated the Constitution.
Early in the war he jailed suspected Confederate sympathizers and suspended habeas corpus, the guarantee an arrested person has to appear before a judge in a court of law.

9. B. Raising the Armies (pp. 590-591)
Early on, both sides relied on volunteers; but as the war progressed, conscription—or the drafting of soldiers—became necessary.
In the North a man could excuse himself by paying $300, or by hiring a substitute to take his place.
This led some to complain that the conflict was “a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight.”

10. C. The Bounty System (p. 591)
To encourage volunteers, many states in the North offered a bounty, or a payment of money to a person for entering the armed services.
Under this system, a volunteer could collect $1,000 or more by enlisting for three years.
This led to “bounty jumping,” an illegal practice in which a man would enlist, collect his bounty, and then desert, only to reenlist somewhere else.

11. D. Wartime Economies (p. 591)
The North’s economy grew stronger during the war.
The South grew weaker from invasion and destruction.
The Union naval blockade soon strangled the Southern economy.

12. E. Paying for the War (pp. 591-592)
To pay for the war, the Union government established the first income tax in 1861, issued bonds, and printed $400 million worth of greenbacks--paper money not backed by gold or silver.
The Confederate government also printed its own paper money, but it became virtually worthless as inflation skyrocketed.

13. F. Hardships of War (p. 592)
More than half the deaths in the Civil War resulted from diseases, not from battle.
Few doctors of that time knew that germs spread infection; army surgeons never boiled their instruments.
A courageous woman named Clara Barton served in numerous Union field hospitals and later founded the American Red Cross.

14. Review: 36. Identify the Copperheads— 37. Define habeas corpus—
38. As the war dragged on, both sides resorted to conscription, or the ________________ of soldiers.
39. What was “bounty jumping”?
40. List three ways the North financed the war.
41. ________________ accounted for more than half the deaths during the Civil War.
42. Which battlefield nurse later founded the American Red Cross?