1. History of the
Scientific Thought
and Origins of Life

3. Spontaneous Generation?

5. Thought his experimentation supported
Spontaneous Generation
John Needham –

6. Repeated and modified Needham experiment
Repeated and modified Needham experiment. Spallanzani’s work refuted the idea of Spontaneous Generation
Lorenzo Spallanzani –

7. Father of the “Germ Theory”
Louis Pasteur –

8. 1876: Robert Koch – Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s work supports
the Germ Theory – “many
diseases come from microbes.

9. click on image

13. becomes oxidized becomes reduced
Fig. 9-UN2
becomes oxidized
becomes reduced

14. becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes reduced (gains electron)
Fig. 9-UN1
becomes oxidized
(loses electron)
becomes reduced
(gains electron)

15. Fig. 9-UN3
becomes oxidized
becomes reduced

17. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
experiment

19. Stromatolites:
Click image for video

25. The 7 Characteristics of Life (textbook pp 16-20):
 1. Living Things are Composed of Cells:
Single-cell organisms have everything they need to be self-sufficient.
In multicellular organisms, specialization increases until some cells do only certain things.

26. 2. Living things have Levels of Organization (and are highly organized):
Both molecular and cellular organization.
Living things must be able to organize simple substances into complex ones.
Living things organize cells at several levels:  
Tissue - a group of cells that perform a common function.
Organ - a group of tissues that perform a common function.
Organ system - a group of organs that perform a common function.
(p. 21 in textbook)

27. Living Things Obtain and Use Energy:
Living things take in energy and use
it for maintenance and growth.

28. Living Things Grow and Develop:
Cell division - the orderly formation of new cells.
Cell enlargement - the increase in size of a cell.
Cells grow to a certain size and then divide.
An organism gets larger as the number of its cells increases.
Development – change in form or function

29. All living things reproduce in one of the following ways:
Asexual repoduction - Producing offspring without the
use of gametes.
Sexual reproduction - Producing offspring by the joining
of sex cells.
Reproduction is not essential for the survival of individual organisms,
but must occur for a species to survive.

30. Living Things Adapt To Their Environment:
Adaptations are traits giving an organism an advantage in a certain environment.
Variation of individuals is important for a healthy species.

31. Living things
react to a stimuli -

32. Maintain homeostasis