1. L07

2. ESTABLISHING A CONNECTION
Current Policy Package:
Compulsory Schooling at Primary Level & KWAPM (Poor Students Trust Fund)
New Policy Draft:
Extending Compulsory Schooling to Secondary Level
Lecture 7
And
Lecture 8
By now you should have read Supplement 3 Prof Cir and
LO2 Lamp 2 SPB

3. EDUCATIONAL PLANNING MODEL
CONTENTS
Steps in Educational Planning
Factors associated with acceptance and dissemination of innovation
Development of educational program
This Note is Courtesy of Prof Madya Dr. Mohd Majid Konting, UPM, 2011.

4. STEPS IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
1. Defining the Educational Problem
2. Analyzing the Problem
3. Conceptualizing & Designing Plans
4. Evaluating Plans
5. Specifying the Plan
6. Implementing the Plan
7. Feedback of the Plan

5. 1. DEFINING EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM
Delineating the scope of the educational problem: identifying the problem; when an event/ activity is de-railed or deviates from the vision or the original plan
Studying “What has been”
Determining “What is versus what should be”
Resources and constraints: organizational and individual
Establishing educational planning parts and priorities: use systems design and approach to study parts, theirs strengths and weaknesses

6. Analysis and Tabulation of data
2. ANALYZING THE PROBLEM
Study the identified problem in detail: conceptualization and literature to support
Gathering data: obtain empirical evidence of hard and soft data, demographic, socio-economic data
Analysis and Tabulation of data
Forecasting: cohort analysis based on the age of the population

7. 3. CONCEPTUALIZING & DESIGNING PLANS
a. Identifying the prevailing trends:
Human trends; society, community, norms, economic activities
Environnemental trends, changes in human trends
b. Establishing goals and objectives
c. Designing plans: more than one plan

8. Planning through simulation: mathematical and logic simulation
4. EVALUATING PLANS
Planning through simulation: mathematical and logic simulation
Evaluating plans: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT)
Selecting a plan according to priority: use contingency plans

9. Implementation of the blue print
5. SPECIFYING THE PLAN
Implementation of the blue print
Systems support: approval, legal justification
Organization

10. Program preparation: dissemination Organizing operational units
6. IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
Program preparation: dissemination
Organizing operational units

11. Adjusting, altering, redesigning the plan
7. FEEDBACK OF THE PLAN
Monitoring the plan
Evaluating the plan
Adjusting, altering, redesigning the plan

12. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF INNOVATION
Rogers (2003) :
1. Characteristics & attributes of innovation
2. Types of innovative decisions
3. Communication channel
4. Characteristics of social system
5. The role of change agent

13. 1. ATTRIBUTES OF INNOVATION
a. Relative advantage: especially in personal terms
b. Adaptability: comfortable to recipients; knowledge, skills, norms, culture, needs
c. Complexity: additional knowledge, skills required
d. Easy to experiment: pilot study and prior exposure
e. Easy to observe: hard evidences

14. c. Authority decision: directive, low sustainability
2. TYPES OF DECISIONS
a. Alternative decisions: by individuals, self-awareness, high sustainability
b. Group decision: by organizational members, awareness, high sustainability
c. Authority decision: directive, low sustainability

15. 3. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
a. Hard channels: pamphlets, books, documents, news paper
b. Soft channels: electronic media, TV, radio, internet

16. 4. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM
i) Traditional Society:
a. Relationship between members is personal based on soft behavior: respect and polite
b. Little exposure to and less communication with external development
c. Little orientation to accept change and out-dated technology
d. Less able to change their role or understand others especially outsiders who brought changes.
ii) Modern Society:
Relationship between members is based on rationale, not influenced by emotions
b. Wider exposure to external development and easier to accept new changes BUT critical
c. Positive attitude towards change and new technology
d. Able to change roles and adapt to new roles with little difficulty
Continued

17. 5. THE ROLE OF CHANGE AGENT
a. Initiate the needs and enthusiasm for change
b. Initiate awareness and explain the change’s objectives
c. Diagnose customer’s needs and problems
d. Establish and strengthen relationship between recipients and planners of innovation
e. Organize and implement change’s activities
f.  Stabilize, sustain and maintain change
g. Develop a termination plan to terminate her/his role as a change agent

18. PROGRAM PREPARATION a. Statement of objectives
b. Statement of scope of work
c. List of specifications
d. List of stakeholder valuations
e. Logic diagram for key stages
f.  Work breakdown structure for the key stages
g. Milestone schedule
h. Success factors their methods of measurement
i.  Bar chart for the key stages
j.  Linear responsibility chart for the key stages
k. Approved budget statement
l.  Operating budget statement

19. ESTABLISHING A CONNECTION
Current Policy Package:
Compulsory Schooling at Primary Level & KWAPM (Poor Students Trust Fund)
New Policy Draft:
Extending Compulsory Schooling to Secondary Level
Lecture 7
And
Lecture 8
By now you should have read Supplement 3 Prof Cir and
LO2 Lamp 2 SPB

20. DISCUSSION What are the factors that make children go to schools?
What do policy maker need to have in place to ensure
children go to schools?

21. EVALUATION 1.
Assignment 1 (individual) : Jurnal Article Review (Due in week 4-7
10% 2.
Test 1: Education Policy and Planning Lecture 1 – 6 (week 7)
20% 3.
Group Project : Educational Policy Plan OR Strategic Plan Proposal (week 11)
40% 4.
Final Lecture 7-12
30%
CLASS 5

22. EVALUATION 3 (40%): GROUP ASSIGNMENT 3 – POLICY PLANNING
In a group of 4 persons, you are required to prepare an educational policy/strategic plan. Choose an educational problem of your interest to prepare the plan. You can use the strategic educational planning model to guide you in preparing the plan.
As a guide, each assignment must be reported in written form using Times New Roman, Font 12 and margin 1.5 with an estimated total of 5,000 words or 15 pages. Present your assigment in week 11 and Submit your assigment in week 12. 7

23. General Format For Policy Proposal (20%)
Title (5 marks)
Elaboration on educational issue (background, policy issue, data) (10 marks)
Elaboration on why issue needs to addressed (10 marks)
Detail of proposed plan to address issue (10 marks)
Implication of plan to the government ( financial, job positions, politics, social etc) (10 marks)
Short summary. (5 marks)

24. Any Questions
Break
Continue with Lecture 08