2. Muhammad Proclaims a New Faith
A brilliant and militant new civilization rises out of the Arabian desert
key words

3. Holy City
Right: Mecca
as it would have appeared around the time of Muhhamad’s birth

4. Mecca (cont.) Note the ka’aba in the background
Mecca is in current day Saudi Arabia (Middle East)

5. Muhammad Muhammad and the angel Gabriel
God spoke to Muhammad and Muhammad recorded his teachings in the Qur’an

6. The Book of Books
The Qur’an (Koran)
114 chapters (suras)

7. An Intense Monotheism
Right: the Koranic script representing the one God
“There is one God, and Muhammad is his prophet.”

8. 5 Pillars of Islam 1. Testimony of Faith 2. Daily Prayer 3. Charity
-”There is no true god (deity) but God (Allah),1 and Muhammad is the Messenger (Prophet) of God.”
2. Daily Prayer
- Muslims pray 5 times a day
3. Charity
- Must give a certain amount of income to the needy
4. Fasting
- During certain holidays/times, Muslims do not eat any food
5. Hajj
- Pilgrimage to Mecca

9. Dome of the Rock
Muhammad is believed to have risen to heaven from this spot
Holy building for Muslims

10. Controversy over Successors
Muhammad and the “rightly guided caliphs”
Abu Bakr (first caliph)
Umar (Omar)
Uthman
Ali
Sunni and Shi’ite
Sunni  caliph should be chosen my Muslim leaders (88%)
Shi’ite  caliph should be descendent of Muhammad (12%)

11. The Islamic Empire