1. QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT METRO SHOES LIMITED
LEATHER AND ITS TYPES
QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
METRO SHOES LIMITED

2. LEATHER AND ITS CLASSIFICATION
Leather: The raw hides and skins are the outer covering of animals which is a perishable material which when converted into non perishable through combined mechanical and chemical process known as Tanning and converted in to usable substance called Leather.
It is used for shoe making, leather goods, clothing, accessories, etc.

3. HIDES AND SKINS
HIDE refers to skin taken out from full grown animals like livestock cattle (cow, buffalo, horse, etc.)
Skin taken out from smaller pet animals like sheep, goat, deer, etc. are known as SKIN
SIDES: A hide is often cut into two equal halves from the center (backbone line) is known as SIDE

4. TYPES OF LEATHERS
Leather can be of many types depending upon the market and customer demand, some of them are mentioned below;
Full grain Leather: High quality skins or hides with natural characteristics and free from defects such as scars, insect bites, wrinkles, veining which are is known as "Full Grain Leather”.
Corrected grain: An inferior quality leather on which to cover the natural defects through snuffing the grain pattern and corrected by finishing is known as Corrected Grain Leather.
Patent Leather: When a layer of PU based finish is added on the grain layer of the leather, creating a unique lustre is known as Patent leather. The finish is usually done to hide the defects of the grain side. The natural breathability property of the leather is lost since the top layer gets covered by PU
Suede: When the leather is finished on the flesh area only by dyes and without using pigment or binders, creating a velvety nap of fibers on flesh side. Products made from this leather generally requires frequent cleaning. They are less durable and some times they are even made from the splits

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SPLIT: When a particular hide is split in to two for even thickness in a splitting machine, it is known as split leather. Due to its lower quality, it is used in low cost shoes and as part of lining component known as heel Grip.
Nu BUCK: When the leather is snuffed by smooth (emery grit) sand paper on the grain area to create a fine and smooth nap on the grain surface, it is known as Nu Buck.
CALF SKIN: Leather made from baby calf skins. Have high shine content and is used in high quality expensive shoes.
OIL PULL UP: When leather is only finished by using oils and wax, it gives oil pull up effect. When it is pressed on the flesh surface, it shows oily effect on the grain side.
KID SKIN: Leather made from baby goat or Lamb is known as Kid Skin. Often used in making gloves, and high quality ladies shoes. Available and known as Calf Skin, Lamb Skin and Glaze Kid (glossy finish)
DRY MILLED LEATHER: When leather is tossed and turned in big drums in order to soften it, the process is called Milling. This is done to reveal characteristics wrinkles on the grain area of the leather. It is also known as NDM or natural dry milled leather. When the milling is done by embossing milling pattern by heat, then it is called as PDM or printed Dry Milled leather.

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