1. 2.02 Understand Digital Vector Graphics

2. Vector Graphics
Graphics that are based on mathematical formulas that define lines, shapes, and curves.
Are comprised of paths connected by anchor points.
Can be 2D or 3D.
Edited in draw programs.

3. Examples More examples Original Image Resized Image
Shapes that make up the image.
Teacher Note: This is a vector graphic (WMF) from the clipart files in Microsoft PowerPoint. Notice that the image does not become pixelated when it is resized, it retains the original quality.
To break the image down into its individual parts:
Click on the image.
On the Draw toolbar, click on Ungroup.
Click Yes in the Dialog box.
Click Draw, Ungroup again.
Now the individual shapes can be moved and manipulated. For a fun activity, allow students to experiment with ungrouping an image and re-coloring it. Be sure they Regroup it before trying to move it, though. If they don’t regroup, they will only move pieces of the image instead of the entire image.
More examples

4. Uses of Vector Graphics
Graphics that will be scaled (or resized)
Architectural drawings, CAD programs, flow charts.
Logos that will be scaled (resized) with loss of quality.
Illustrations and clip art.
Graphics on websites.
Small file size allows for quick load times.
Fonts and specialized text effects

5. Advantages of Vectors
Scalable – able to change size easily
Resolution Independent - Regardless of how much the image is enlarged or reduced, the image definition and quality remain the same.
Editability - since each vector is made up of separate and distinct objects, each can be edited independently at any time.
Small File Sizes - easily transferred over the Internet.

6. Disadvantages of Vectors
Lower color quality than raster images.
They do not support as many colors.
Not good for photographic images.
Limited in the type of effects that can be applied.
Can be time consuming to create.
Click to see an example.
Teacher Note: Emphasize to the students the much better quality of the raster graphic because it is made up of pixels which can show much more detail than lines.
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7. Common Vector File Formats
AI – Adobe Illustrator
Native file format for Adobe Illustrator.
Industry standard used by developers of vector graphics.
Used to create, save, and archive original artwork.

8. Common Vector File Formats
EPS – Encapsulated Postscript
Developed by Adobe but supported by most programs.
Graphics developers generally save a copy of the AI file in EPS format because it can be opened by computers running different operating systems.
Most common interchange format for the print industry due to its portability.
Meta Graphic – can contain both raster and vector data.
Shapes in vector graphics can be filled with textures and patterns that are raster graphics.

9. Common Vector File Formats
SVG – Scalable Vector Graphics
Standard format created by W3C.
Versatile, all-purpose vector format.
Works well with web page design.
WMF – Windows Metafile
Microsoft created format for raster and vector.
Common format for windows clipart.