1. Chester A. Arthur
Fancy Beard

2. All The Stuff You Need to Know
A big, friendly teddy bear of a guy, Arthur was a teacher and then a lawyer before his powerful friends made him Collector of the Port Authority of New York.
Republicans were split into two camps: Stalwarts (the former Radicals) who wanted the ability to name people to jobs, and Mugwumps, who wanted Civil Service reform. When Garfield (a Mugwump) got the nomination, Arthur was put on the ticket as VP to balance it out.
Arthur surprised people by fighting for Civil Service reform, leading to the Pendleton Act of 1883, which led to testing in order to get a government job. On the bad side, he also signed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, the most overtly racist new law since the Civil War.
He wanted to remain President, but the Stalwarts felt betrayed by him while the Mugwumps still didn’t trust him, so he wasn’t nominated.
New states: None.