1. LEADING STRATEGIC CHANGE (Black and Gregersen Model)by
Dr. Chee Kim Loy
Assoc. Professor, UBD

2. “70% of organizations that seek strategic change fail”
Black and Gregersen, 2003

3. Some Salient Facts about Strategic Change
Change has never been easy since time immemorial
Humans are biologically hard-wired to resist change – wired to survive, so hang on to what has worked!!
The pace, size and complexity of change are greater than before
Past successes at managing change is no guarantee for dealing with future changes

4. Two Major Approaches to Leading Strategic Change
“Organization in” approach
To strategically change your organization, you must identify all the organizational levels ( i.e. structure, processes, functions, etc.) you must pull in order to change the organization so that individual change will follow
“Individual out” approach
To strategically change your organization, you must first change individuals

5. “Individual Out” Approach
Unlocking individual change starts with and ends with the mental maps people carry in their heads - on how they see the organization and their jobs
Successful strategic change requires a focus on individuals and redrawing their mental maps – i.e. overcoming or break through their ‘brain barrier”

6. Crux of the Challenges: The Three Brain Barriers
Why, when opportunities or threats stare people in the face, do people fail to see the need to change?
Even when people see the need, why do they often still fail to move?
Even when people move, why do they fail to finish – not going far or fast enough?

7. Distinctive Features of B-G Model
A simplifying and focused approach based on the rationale
that something is practical only if we can remember and recall it; and,
Achieving 80% of the desired results quickly is much better that never attaining 100%;
80% of the targets could be achieved by 20% of the key factors!!
The key factors come from mastering the fundamentals of strategic change

8. The Fundamentals of Strategic Change
Stage 1: Do the right thing and do it well.
Stage 2: Discover that the right thing is now the wrong thing!
Stage 3: Do the new right thing, but do it poorly at first. \
Stage 4: Eventually, do the new right thing well ( i.e. back to Stage 1 again)

9. STRATEGIC CHANGE MATRIX
Wrong Thing
Right Thing
Stage 1
Stage 2
Done
Well
Done
Poorly
Stage 3

10. CONCLUSION
“The fundamental process of change captures 80% of the strategic change but to achieve the results we need to confront the three brain barriers!!”

11. THE THREE BRAIN BARRIERS

12. THE FIRST BRAIN BARRIER
FAILURE TO SEE!!
THE FIRST BRAIN BARRIER

13. STRATEGIC CHANGE MATRIX: FAILURE TO SEE
Wrong Thing
Right Thing
Reaction#2: Do even more of the old right thing!
Done
Well
Reaction#1
Deny the new reality
Done
Poorly

14. WHY FAILURE TO SEE? Blinded by the light of what we already see!
History of success (or customary practices) that work well creates mental maps in us which filter out anything that does not fit our mental maps
These mental maps keeps people from seeing impending threats & opportunities; hence make no efforts to change!!

15. THE KEYS TO ‘SEEING’ CONTRAST, and CONFRONTATION
Leaders have to confront their people with the key contrasts between the past, present, and the future

16. CIRCLES OF CONTRAST
SHARP CONTRAST!! VERY NOTICEABLE

17. CIRCLES OF CONTRAST
CONTRAST LESSENS…LESS NOTICEABLE

18. Why People Can’t See the Contrast?
In real life, organizational settings are very complex. There are many things to look at and people selectively focus on elements form the past and present that are similar, rather than focus on elements that are different.
They ignore the key contrasts!!

19. CONFRONTATION
To force people to change, leaders must confront their people with the key contrasts between the past, present and future
Contrast and confrontation are necessary to overcome the first resistance to change – the failure to see !!

20. BREAKING THROUGH THE SIGHT BARRIER
CONFRONTATION
LOW
HIGH
BREAKTHROUGH!!
PARADE
HIGH p
!!!
CONTRAST
LOW
GARBAGE CAN
OLD SHOW

21. TWO COMMON MISTAKES Comprehensive mistake “I get it” mistake
Trying to focus on too many factors when it is sufficient to just concentrate on the core 20% of the factors that contribute to 80% results
“I get it” mistake
Forgetting that you are able to see it because you have put in a lot of resources and gone through many processes before you see it. Now you expect your staff to see it by justing pointing to them!!

22. HOW TO CREATE HIGH CONTRAST?
Focus on the core 20% of what is different
Enhance ( or even slightly exaggerate! ) the simple description between the old and the new
Create visual images or pictures of the old and the new, so that the contrast is understood as more than mere words

23. HOW TO CREATE HIGH IMPACT CONFRONTATION?
Repeat the messages of the old and new mental maps over and over and over again!
Create high impact and inescapable confrontations
Focus on core contrasts, the key differences
Make sure it involves as many of the senses as possible
Ensure ( physically!) the people cannot avoid the experience

24. THE SECOND BRAIN BARRIER
FAILURE TO MOVE!!
THE SECOND BRAIN BARRIER

25. WHY FAILURE TO MOVE?
First, even when we see the old right thing no longer works, we still don’t move if the new mental map with its destination and path is not clear (“ Articulate the vision”)
Second, when the new vision is clear, it is easier for people to see all the specific ways in which they will be incompetent and look stupid – ways that they will do the right thing and do it badly!

26. THE KEYS TO MOVING
Not just see the new destination clearly but you must help them believe in the path that will take them to the destination
Make sure others see the destination or targets clearly
Give them the necessary skills, resources and tools to reach the destination
Deliver valuable rewards along the journey

27. Are people who see but still fail to move just plain dumb??

28. STRATEGIC CHANGE MATRIX: BREAKING THROUGH THE MOVEMENT BARRIER
Wrong Thing
Right Thing
Old right thing becomes
wrong
Done
Well
Can’t instantly be good at
the new right thing X
Done
Poorly
Stage 3

29. They are not stupid!
They do not want to look or feel stupid by making the change
Especially, with a work culture in which mistakes were punished and learning was rarely rewarded.
They preferred to be competent in the wrong thing than incompetent at the right thing!!

30. THE SOLUTION …..
They must be led to believe in a path that will take them from doing the right thing poorly to doing it well.
They must see the destination or target clearly ( not you the leader only!)
Give them the skills, resources and tools so that they believe they can do it! Walk the path!!
Deliver valuable rewards along the journey. They value the outocmes.

31. A Note on Rewards Money? Yes and No ARCTIC Values
Achievement (accomplishment, competition)
Relations (approval, belonging)
Conceptual/ Thinking (problem solving, coordination)
Improvement ( growth, exploration)
Control (competence, influence)

32. THE THIRD BRAIN BARRIER
FAILURE TO FINISH
THE THIRD BRAIN BARRIER

33. Organizational Change or Transformation
Organizational change is fundamentally meaningful when the majority of the people in the organization have changed – think differently and act differently

34. WHY FAIL TO FINISH? TWO PRINICPAL FORCES People Getting Tired
Change requires energy and effort
The returns to investment for these extra inputs may not be satisfactory
Vapour of faith vs Concreteness of past practices
People Getting Lost
Major transformations of people and organizations are long journeys
Lost sense of direction over time and uncertainties set in; hence hard to press ahead

35. KEYS TO FINISHING TWO FACTORS PROVIDING CHAMPIONS CHARTING PROGRESS
Be close to the action
Look for the desired efforts not results
Counteract negative consequences with positive ones
CHARTING PROGRESS
Monitoring and communicating of progress
‘Micro-level’ monitoring and feedback

36. SUMMARY

37. STRATEGIC CHANGE MATRIX: THE THREE BARRIERS
Wrong Thing
Right Thing
Stage 1
Stage 2
See?
Done
Well
Finish?
Move?
Done
Poorly
Stage 3

38. THREE KEY PRINCIPLES TO IMPLEMENT SUCCESSFULLY
CONCEIVING
BELIEVEING
ACHIEVING

39. THE CBA’s OF STRATEGIC CHANGE: THREE PRINCIPLES
Right Thing
Wrong Thing
Done
Well
Conceive
Achieve
Done
Poorly
Believe

40. TYPES OF CHANGE