1. Review #1 Intro stuff What is a database, 4 parts, 3 users, etc.
Architecture
Data independence
Three levels, two mappings
Jobs of the DBA

2. Review #1 Entity Relationship Model
Entities, Relationships, E-R Diagram
Relationship types
Conversion to a set of tables.
GRADUATE STUDENTS: Extended ER Features, such as multivalued attributes, total participation, cardinality limits, etc.
Relational Model (Informal)
Primary and Foreign Keys
Ability to add additional constraints

3. Review #1 ORACLE/SQL: Creating tables
Inserting, deleting, updating (Lab 1)
Querying
Simple queries
Joins
Non-Relational Queries – Group By, etc.
(Lab 2)
Something from the text.

4. Sample Question:
(5 pts) What is a database?

5. Sample (Bad) Answer #1:
(5 pts) What is a database?
A set of tables.

6. Sample (Bad) Answer #2: (5 pts) What is a database?
A database is a collection of related data. A Relational Database is one that stores this data in a set of tables. Example 1: A banks stores customer information, their accounts and transactions. Example 2: A university stores information about its students, courses, and registration information. Databases consist of data, hardware, software, and end users. The data is called persistent data; the software is called the DataBase Management System. There are 3 types of users: end users, application programmers, and database administrators.

7. Sample (Bad) Answer #2 (cont):
A database is designed in 3 levels: internal, conceptual, and external. To do the conceptual level design, we use the Entity Relationship Model. This requires us to decide upon our entities, relationships, draw an E-R Diagram, decide on the type of relationships, and then develop a set of tables from this completed diagram. There are 3 types of relationships: 1 to1, 1 to many, and many to many. The external level is what the individual users are permitted to see; the internal level consists of the file structures, which are B-Trees, Clustered B-Trees, Hashing, and Clustered Files.

8. Sample (Good) Answer #3:
(5 pts) What is a database?
Informally, a database is a collection of related data. The most common model is the Relational model, which groups the data into tables with linkages (known as Foreign Keys) to model the relationships.

9. Review #2 Relational Model Definitions Properties of relations
Keys -- Candidate, Primary, Alternate, Foreign
Integrity Constraints.
Relational Algebra
English  Relational Algebra  Tables
Optimization
Relational Calculus
English  Relational Calculus  Tables

10. Review #2 Internal Level design/ External Level design
File Structures and Analysis
GRADUATE STUDENTS: Advanced File Structures
GRADUATE STUDENTS: Extended Relational Algebra
English <==> Extended RA
ORACLE/SQL
Views (need to review Querying for this)
Privileges
Creating File Structures in SQL
Advanced CREATE TABLE options
LAB 3

11. Final Review (updated for Spring 2018)
Intro Stuff
Architecture
Three levels, two mappings
File Structures – What and when to use
E-R Model Design
Relational Model
Keys, Integrity constraints, etc.
Query Optimization Using Relational Algebra.
Relational Algebra or Relational Calculus Queries
GRADUATE STUDENTS – Know BOTH.

12. Final Review 2 GRADUATE STUDENTS: Extended Relational Algebra
Conversion from RC to RA (not on final)
Functional Dependencies
Definitions, Axioms
Spot them
Proof of Candidate Keys
Graduate Students: Proof of Minimality
Normal Forms, 1NF
Definition
Spot violations
Normalization

13. Final Review 3 Normal Forms, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF
Definitions -- Formal and Informal
Spot violations
Normalization through decomposition
Multi-Value Dependencies
Definitions, Axioms
Find them, using quick & dirty method and t1, t2, t3 method.
4NF
Definition, find violations, normalization
GRADUATE STUDENTS:
Join dependencies and 5NF

14. Final Review 4 Hierarchical Model – Not on FINAL
Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages
Type, Occurrence Trees, Virtual Links
Design
Transaction Analysis
Locks, Commit & Rollback
Buffers, Checkpoints, Transaction Logs
Recovery Algorithm
Oracle/SQL
Labs 1, 2, 3
Lab 4 – Code SEGMENT only