1. Learning charcteristics to identify
Minerals
are about….
Learning charcteristics to identify
Characteristics
Naturally occurring
inorganic
solid
Chemical composition
Crystal structure
How do they form?
aka
From magma crystallization
From precipitation out of solution
How do we group them?
aka
Carbonates
Groups
Silicates
Oxides
Native elements
Sulfides
Sulfates
Most abundant
Contains silicon and oxygen
Fizzes with acid test releasing CO2
Bright colors
Common metal ores
Oxygen bonded to metal
Identification
Luster: metallic or nonmetallic observed without touching
Fracture: breaks jagged
Cleavage: breaks flat
Streak: color on porcelain plate
Hardness: Moh’s Scale 1(soft) to 10 (Hard)
Special:
Taste: Halite
Smell: Sulfur
Magnetism: Magnetite
Acid: calcite
Usess
Toothpaste
Mining ores for metal
So what is most important?
Identification methods

2. Double refraction (pg54)
Word
Book Definition
Reminder
mineral
Silicates
streak
luster
Crystal form
hardness
Mohs Scale
cleavage
4th Block Vocabulary Sheet (Honors)
Fracture
Double refraction (pg54)
Gemstone (pg56)
Inorganic (pg45)

3. Classifying Igneous Rock Is about…
How they form and what is in them
Texture Classification
Surface
Underground
Type
Extrusive
Intrusive
Fast, rapidly
Cooling Rate
slowly
Small: glassy, fine grained
Large: coarse grained
Crystal Size
Composition Classification
Light colored, high in silica, Granite, Rhyolite
Felsic
Mix of color or gray, medium density, Andesite, Diorite
Intermediate
Dark colored, low silica, high Fe and Mg, High density, Basalt, Gabbro
mafic
Greenish color, very high in Fe and Mg
ultramafic
Critical Question: How does cooling rate affect the classification of igneous rock?

4. Porphyritic Texture (72)
Word
Book Definition
Reminder
Pumice (74)
Obsidian (74)
Andesitic Composition
Basaltic Composition
Granitic Composition
Composition (72)
Porphyritic Texture (72)
Coarse-Grained (72)
Fine-grained (72)
texture
Intrusive igneous rock
Extrusive Igneous Rock
magma

5. Word Book Definition Reminder erosion deposition fossil
Clastic sedimentary rock
erosion
Chemical sedimentary rock
Biochemical sedimentary rock
compaction
Cementation
deposition
Lithofication (76)
Strata (78)
fossil
Conglomerate (79)

6. Formation and classification
Sedimentary Rocks
Formation and classification
Types
chemical
Organic (biochemical)
Clastic
Formation
From solution
From skeletons or shells
Pieces of other rocks
Classification
Chemical composition
Types of fossils in it
Size and shape of grains
Examples
Rock salt
Rock Gypsum
Coal
limestone
Sandstone
Conglomerate
Shale
Environments
Caves or ancient oceans
Ancient swamps or beaches
Rivers or beaches or deserts
Steps to Lithification
1. weathering
2.erosion
3. Deposit sediments
4.compaction
5.cementation
Sedimentary Deposits
Deltas
Strata glaciers (unsorted)
So what is most important to remember about sedimentary rocks?
Formation

7. Word Book Definition Reminder Parent rock (80) Extend
Hydrothermal solution
Parent rock (80)
Contact metamorphism
Regional metamorphism
Foliated Metamorphic Rock
Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock
metamorphism
Confining pressure (82)
Directed Pressure (78)
Extend

8. mountains (large areas) Pressure (direct) regional
Metamorphic Rock
Is about…
how rocks change
Metamorphism
___________________
Types
Where it occurs
What causes it?
mountains (large areas)
Pressure (direct)
regional
Near magma
heat
contact
Underwater near volcanoes
heat
hydrothermal
nonfoliated
Texture Types
foliated
Slate form shale
*marble from limestone
*quartzite from sandstone
phyllite
schist
So what do we need to know?
Gneiss from Granite
Texture
Extend: Write 3 Metamorphic Rocks and their parent rocks on the back.