1. Wood Finishing By: Ryan Hawthorne, Jonathan Kavanagh, Sean Redmond, Ed Darrh Wood Finishing By: Ryan Hawthorne, Jonathan Kavanagh, Sean Redmond, Ed Darrh

2. Finishing Safety When in lab, wear your safety glasses. When in lab, wear your safety glasses. Wear Proper clothing. Wear Proper clothing. Wash hands immediately after use of any finish. Wash hands immediately after use of any finish. Keep solvents away from heat. Keep solvents away from heat. Use in a ventilated room. Use in a ventilated room. After using any finish, close all containers and put away properly. After using any finish, close all containers and put away properly. Clean up any spills that may be a hazard in the lab. Clean up any spills that may be a hazard in the lab.

3. Finishing Wood The two main reasons for finishing wood include: The two main reasons for finishing wood include: To protect it To protect it To add to it's beauty To add to it's beauty * When finishing, take your time, DONT RUSH!

4. Three Types of Wood Finishes Transparent Coatings- coatings that can be seen through. Ex. Shellac, varnish, lacquer Transparent Coatings- coatings that can be seen through. Ex. Shellac, varnish, lacquer Penetrating Finishes- these soak into the wood rather than just coat it. Ex. Linseed Oil, Danish Oil Penetrating Finishes- these soak into the wood rather than just coat it. Ex. Linseed Oil, Danish Oil Opaque Finishes- covers the surface completely, cannot be seen through. Ex. Paint, enamel Opaque Finishes- covers the surface completely, cannot be seen through. Ex. Paint, enamel

5. Transparent Coatings Varnish- a preparation consisting of various resins, dissolved in an oil or in alcohol. When applied to the surface of wood, it dries and leaves a hard, glossy transparent coating. Varnish- a preparation consisting of various resins, dissolved in an oil or in alcohol. When applied to the surface of wood, it dries and leaves a hard, glossy transparent coating. Shellac- a varnish made by dissolving this material in alcohol or a similar solvent. Shellac- a varnish made by dissolving this material in alcohol or a similar solvent. Lacquer- a protective coating consisting of a resin, sometimes with pigment added. Lacquer- a protective coating consisting of a resin, sometimes with pigment added. Resin – Resin is a thick and sticky yellowish- brown substance used to chemically bond materials together. Resin – Resin is a thick and sticky yellowish- brown substance used to chemically bond materials together.

6. Penetrating Finishes Linseed Oil- A yellowish oil extracted from the seeds of flax and used as a drying oil in paints and varnishes and in linoleum, printing inks, and synthetic resins. Linseed Oil- A yellowish oil extracted from the seeds of flax and used as a drying oil in paints and varnishes and in linoleum, printing inks, and synthetic resins. Danish Oil- is a blend of oils and resins that penetrates, seals, and preserves wood surfaces. Danish Oil- is a blend of oils and resins that penetrates, seals, and preserves wood surfaces.

7. Finishing Supplies Abrasives Abrasives Brushes Brushes Solvents Solvents Wax Wax Oils Oils Paints Paints

8. Brushes used for Finishing Two main brushes used are bristle brushes and foam polybrushes. Two main brushes used are bristle brushes and foam polybrushes. Natural bristle brushes- are made with hog hair, commonly used with oil base paints. Natural bristle brushes- are made with hog hair, commonly used with oil base paints. Synthetic bristle brushes- are made of nylon or polyester, commonly used with water soluble finishes, and most oil base finishes. Synthetic bristle brushes- are made of nylon or polyester, commonly used with water soluble finishes, and most oil base finishes. Foam polybrushes- made of plastic foam tapered on both sides to a sharp point, can be used on most finishes. Foam polybrushes- made of plastic foam tapered on both sides to a sharp point, can be used on most finishes.

9. Finishing Considerations Project design Project design Type of wood being used Type of wood being used Projects intended use Projects intended use What do you want your end result to look like? What do you want your end result to look like? Will it be exposed to heat, or moisture? Will it be exposed to heat, or moisture?

10. Preparing the Surface After assembling the project, check for the following before applying your finish: After assembling the project, check for the following before applying your finish: Dried glue Dried glue Dents Dents Chips Chips Scratches Scratches

11. Preparing Surface Cont… Remove access glue Remove access glue Remove Mill Marks Remove Mill Marks Correct dents, chips or gouges; Correct dents, chips or gouges; Using hot steam, Using hot steam, Wood fillers may be needed, such as a wood patch. Wood fillers may be needed, such as a wood patch. Fill deep cracks and gouges with wood filler or water putty; leave the filler slightly high to allow for shrinkage as it dries. When the patch is dry, sand it smooth.

12. Sanding Sanding is crucial to preparing your wood for a finish, whether it be hand or power sanding. Sanding is crucial to preparing your wood for a finish, whether it be hand or power sanding. Anyone tell me why? Anyone tell me why? Different grit sand paper Different grit sand paper Coarse- (80 grit) Coarse- (80 grit) Medium to fine- (100-180 grit) Medium to fine- (100-180 grit) Very Fine- (220-280 grit) Very Fine- (220-280 grit)

13. Applying Stains and Clear Finishes Staining- is the process to change the color of the wood without changing its texture. Staining- is the process to change the color of the wood without changing its texture. Types of stains: Types of stains: Pigment stains -are made by adding color pigments together. Pigment stains -are made by adding color pigments together. Ex. Mineral spirits, etc Ex. Mineral spirits, etc Penetrating stains – are made by mixing aniline dyes in oil. Penetrating stains – are made by mixing aniline dyes in oil. Ex. Minwax, etc Ex. Minwax, etc

14. Applying Stains Cont… Wood Stain Finishes: Wood Stain Finishes: Wood Toned - Lightly pigmented wood-toned finishes add color to the wood, while enhancing its natural beauty. Wood Toned - Lightly pigmented wood-toned finishes add color to the wood, while enhancing its natural beauty. Semi-Transparent - Semi-transparent finishes allow both the natural grain and texture to show through. Semi-Transparent - Semi-transparent finishes allow both the natural grain and texture to show through. Solid Color- The most durable finish, solid color stains reveal the texture of the wood, but generally conceal the grain. Solid Color- The most durable finish, solid color stains reveal the texture of the wood, but generally conceal the grain.

15. Clear Finishes Two basic types of clear top-coat finishes: Two basic types of clear top-coat finishes: Those that penetrate the wood Those that penetrate the wood Ex- linseed oil, danish oil Ex- linseed oil, danish oil Those that stay on top of the surface Those that stay on top of the surface Ex. Shellac, varnish, polyurethane and lacquer Ex. Shellac, varnish, polyurethane and lacquer

16. Spray Finish

17. Applying Sealer After stain has dried completely, a sealer should be applied over the stain before a clear finish is applied. Why? After stain has dried completely, a sealer should be applied over the stain before a clear finish is applied. Why? -This prevents the stain from bleeding into the clear coat which causes the end result to be cloudy.

18. Applying a filler This is put on over the sealer to seal the pores of the wood before applying a clear finish. This is put on over the sealer to seal the pores of the wood before applying a clear finish. Apply filler first along the grain of the wood. Then work across the grain to fill the pores completely.

19. Applying Paint and Enamel These may include, water based latex or oil based. These may include, water based latex or oil based. An enamel paint is a paint that dries to an especially hard, usually glossy, finish. An enamel paint is a paint that dries to an especially hard, usually glossy, finish. Before applying paints, a primer should be applied, priming ensures better adhesion of paint to the surface, increases paint durability, and provides additional protection for the material being painted. Before applying paints, a primer should be applied, priming ensures better adhesion of paint to the surface, increases paint durability, and provides additional protection for the material being painted.adhesion

20. Applying paint and enamel cont… Generally two coats of paint or enamel are applied. Generally two coats of paint or enamel are applied. Between each coat, a light sanding job will help with the looks of your finish. Between each coat, a light sanding job will help with the looks of your finish.

21. Wood Finishing Review Keep in mind, all safety precautions when working in the lab. Keep in mind, all safety precautions when working in the lab. Two main reasons to finish your wood; Two main reasons to finish your wood; To protect it To protect it To add to its beauty To add to its beauty There are many various finishes, your choice depends on many factors such as; There are many various finishes, your choice depends on many factors such as; Type of wood used Type of wood used Project design Project design Projects intended use Projects intended use Visual appearance Visual appearance Will it be exposed to heat or moisture? Will it be exposed to heat or moisture?

22. Wood Finishing Review Cont… Before applying your finish make sure you prepare the surfaces being finished. This includes; Before applying your finish make sure you prepare the surfaces being finished. This includes; Check for imperfections Check for imperfections Correct those imperfections Correct those imperfections Apply finish Apply finish Take your time, dont Rush!!! Take your time, dont Rush!!! Any Questions???

23. Support Resources http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga4.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga4.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga4.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga4.htm http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/natural- wood-finishes/index.html http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/natural- wood-finishes/index.html http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/natural- wood-finishes/index.html http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/natural- wood-finishes/index.html http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga5.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga5.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga5.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga5.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga2.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga2.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga2.htm http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-to- furniture-finishes-ga2.htm