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Français I – Leçon 3A Structures
Descriptive adjectives & Possessive adjectives
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Descriptive adjectives
Adjectives describe people, places and things. In French, most adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns or pronouns they modify. Examples: Le père est américain. La mère est américaine. Les parents sont américains.
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Adjectives of physical description
bleu(e) vert(e) blond(e) brun(e) (dark hair) châtain (brown hair)
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noir(e) marron blanc(he)
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frisée court(e) raide
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grand(e) petit(e) de taille moyenne ( someone or something of medium size.) joli(e) = pretty jeune = young
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Some adjectives are irregular
Some adjectives are irregular. They change spelling depending on the gender and number of the noun they modify. beau belle beaux belles beautiful; handsome
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Other irregular adjectives:
Masculine Singular Feminine Plural bon bonne bons bonnes good; kind fier fière fiers fières proud gros grosse gros grosses fat heureux heureuse heureux heureuses happy
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Masculine Singular Feminine singular Plural Feminine plural
intellectuel intellectuelle intellectuels intellectuelles intellectual long longue longs longues long naïf naïve naïfs naïves naïve roux rousse roux rousses red-haired vieux vielle vieux vielles old
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Masculine Singular Feminine Plural plural nouveau nouvelle nouveaux
nouvelles new curieux curieuse curieux curieuses curious unhappy malheureux malheureuse malheureux malheureuses nerveux nerveuse nerveux nerveuses nervous sérieux séreuse séreux séreuses serious
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Position of adjectives
In French, adjectives are usually placed after the noun they modify. Example: Il est un garçon intelligent. (noun) (adj.)
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The following adjectives are placed before the noun they modify: beau, bon, grand, gros, jeune, joli, long, nouveau, petit, and vieux. Example: J’aime bien les grandes familles. (adj.) (noun)
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Possessive adjectives
In English and in French, possessive adjectives express ownership or possession.
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Possessive adjectives
Masculine Feminine singular singular plural mon ma mes my ton ta tes your (fam./sing.) son sa ses his, her, its notre notre nos our votre votre vos your (form./pl.) leur leur leurs their
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In French, possessive adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
mon père ma mère (my father) (my mother) mes parents (my parents)
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Possessive adjectives are always placed before the nouns they modify.
C’est ton père? (Is that your father?) Non, c’est mon oncle. (No, that’s my uncle.)
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*Note – use mon, ton, or son before feminine singular nouns that start with a vowel sound.
mon amie (my friend) ton étudiante (your student) son yaourt (his yogurt)
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*Remember - The choice of possessive adjective depends on the gender and number of the noun possessed, not the gender and number of the owner.
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Possession with de In English, you use ‘s to express relationships or ownership. In French, use de (d’) + [the noun or proper name] instead. C’est le petit ami d’Annie. (That’s Annie’s boyfriend.) C’est le petit ami de ma sœur. (That’s the boyfriend of my sister.)
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