1. Bellwork Obj: SWBAT Compare & Contrast DNA with RNA
What does DNA stand for?
Based on your answer to #1, predict what RNA stands for?
3. Do all living things have DNA, why or why not?
4. What other materials will you bring tomorrow to put on your science fair poster?
Take out your slates

2. If you do not bring sci. fair board materials tomorrow:
-if you have already built your FINAL board, you may work on other classwork. -if it is ‘at home’ or you didn’t do it or have it: you will help clean up the classroom and do any menial tasks I have for you.

3. RNA & Central Dogma

4. Look at the compare/contrast RNA and DNA diagram in front of you.
With your partner write down at least 3 differences and 3 similiarities between DNA and RNA on your slate.
Think: Why might these differences exist?

5. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA vs RNA
How many nucleotides?
3 parts of a nucleotide?
What does the “B” stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

6. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA vs RNA
What’s the difference?
How many nucleotides?
3 parts of a nucleotide?
What does the “B” stand for?
OH!
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Ribonucleic
Acid

7. Structure is related to function! What are DNA’s 2 functions?
Remember this?
Structure is related to function!
What are DNA’s 2 functions?

8. RNA Structure Notes
RIBOSE is the sugar in RNA nucleotides (instead of deoxyribose)

9. RNA Structure Notes
RIBOSE is the sugar in RNA nucleotides (instead of deoxyribose)
Uracil (U) is used instead of T

10. RNA Structure Notes
RIBOSE is the sugar in RNA nucleotides (instead of deoxyribose)
Uracil (U) is used instead of T
RNA is usually single-stranded

11. Vote by sign language: NA NA
RNA
DNA
DNA
AGCCTGCTA
TCGGACGAT
RNA
RNA

12. Try this AGTTCGA TCAAGCT RNA: UCAAGCU
What might it look like if you turned this double stranded DNA molecule into an RNA copy?
AGTTCGA
TCAAGCT
RNA: UCAAGCU
Which DNA strand would this RNA be the COMPLEMENT of?

13. Try this AGTTCGA TCAAGCT RNA: UCAAGCU AGUUCGA
What might it look like if you turned this double stranded DNA molecule into an RNA copy?
AGTTCGA
TCAAGCT
RNA: UCAAGCU
AGUUCGA
Which DNA strand would this RNA be the COMPLEMENT of?
Do the RNA complement for the bottom DNA strand

14. RNA has a different structure… predict it’s functions (jobs)
DNA vs RNA
RNA has a different structure… predict it’s functions (jobs)
Hint: other names for RNA
messenger RNA
ribosomal RNA
transfer RNA

15. Central Dogma (“Big Idea”) of Biology
DNA
DNA stores information to run cell
RNA’s function is to make proteins!
RNA
Proteins actually DO the work in the cell
Protein

16. Why are proteins so important?
Proteins are made of tiny subunits…what are they called?
What are some functions of proteins? (Hint: )
Chemical Reactions (enzymes)
Immune System (antibodies)
Growth & Development (hormones)
etc.
polymers

17. Types of RNA
mRNA: messenger RNA makes a copy (message) of the information stored in DNA & moves the info out of the nucleus! (DNA doesn’t leave nucleus)
Codons are 3 letter “words” that make up the message- it’s a recipe for a protein

18. Types of RNA
rRNA: ribosomal RNA folds into a ribosome which reads the mRNA codons and connects amino acids into a chain that will become a protein
Realistic image of rRNA folded into a ribosome
rRNA folds into 2 subunits (large & small)
Together, they make the ribosome!

19. Types of RNA
tRNA: transfer RNA transports amino acids to the ribosome, and uses an anti-codon to match the correct amino acid to the correct mRNA codon. It then transfers amino acids to the growing chain.
tRNA is T-shaped!

20. Turn to your neighbor
Summarize the 3 types of RNA and how each is related to protein synthesis

21. Practice Putting It All Together
Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein

22. Practice Putting It All Together
Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein
Amino Acids are the small subunits of ___________

23. Practice Putting It All Together
Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein
Made with Uracil (U) instead of T:
___________

24. Practice Putting It All Together
Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein

25. Practice Putting It All Together
Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein
The central dogma of biology says that ______  RNA  Protein

26. Practice Putting It All Together
Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein
Transports amino acids to the ribosome:
___________

27. Practice Putting It All Together
Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein

28. Practice Putting It All Together
Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein

29. Practice Putting It All Together
Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein
Reads mRNA and assembles amino acids into a chain:
___________

30. Practice Putting It All Together
Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein
A copy of the information in DNA that can be taken out of the nucleus:
___________

31. Why not skip the DNA step?
DNA stores information to run cell
RNA’s function is to make proteins!
RNA
Proteins actually DO the work in the cell
Protein

32. Talk to your neighbor & write down your answer…
DNA
If you can code the same messages in mRNA….why doesn’t the cell forget about DNA altogether and use RNA as the primary genetic molecule? Propose logical possibilities why cells evolved to use DNA.
RNA
Protein

33. Viruses & RNA
Many viruses, like the flu & HIV code their genes in RNA.
What do you know about these two viruses?
What makes their genes different from the genes in plants and animals?

34. RNA is less stable than DNA
RNA genes are why many viruses mutate quickly (new flu shot every year)
DNA genes are more stable, so plants and animals evolve more slowly
DNA is more protected as a double stranded molecule inside of the nucleus

35. Closure- Structure & Function of DNA & RNA
*When you are finished work on the DNA/RNA worksheet*