1. III. Solvation + Solutions

2. A. What is a Solution?
Solution – uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases
Consists of a solute and a solvent
Solute – The substance that is dissolved
Solvent – The substance that does the dissolving

3. B. Common Types of Solutions
Solute
Solvent
Solid
Liquid
Gas

4. C. Characteristics of Solutions
Soluble – able to dissolve
Insoluble – unable to dissolve
Immiscible – two liquids that do not mix together (ex. Oil + water)
Miscible – two liquids that are soluble in each other (ex. water + acetone)

6. A. Solvation
Solvation – the process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution
Leads to dissolution (dissolving) of solute
Caused by constant, random motion of molecules
Aqueous solution – a solute that is dissolved in water

7. B. Rate of Solvation Increase the rate of solvation Stirring
Increase surface area
Increase temperature
Increase pressure (for gases only)

8. C. Saturation vs. Unsaturation
Unsaturated solution – solution that is still able to dissolve particles
Saturated solution – solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of particles
Supersaturated solution – solution that has dissolved more than the maximum amount of particles
Needs to be at high temperatures to achieve

9. D. Solubility
Solubility – the amount of substance that can be dissolved in a given solvent
Usually expressed in grams of solute per liter of solvent
How to increase solubility (how to increase how much can dissolve)?
Increase temperature (except for gases dissolved)
Increase pressure (gases only)