1. LECTURE 3: MICROEVOLUTION PART 1 DNA
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
Identify building blocks of DNA
Describe DNA structure and the rules to base pairing in DNA

2. What is DNA?
How does DNA make each of these items look/function differently?

3. What are the building blocks of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Polymer (nucleic acid)made up of monomers (nucleotides)
Nucleotides
building blocks of DNA
Only 4 make up DNA

4. What is the structure of a Nucleotide?
3 parts
Ring shaped sugar (deoxyribose)
Phosphate group (P surrounded by 4 O)
Nitrogenous base (nitrogen and carbon ring/s with functional groups)

5. What are the Nitrogenous bases?
4 bases in DNA
Pyrimidines (single ring)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Purines (double ring)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)

6. What are the Nitrogenous bases?

7. What are DNA strands? DNA is double stranded
Each Strand is a line of nucleotides bonded together
Nucleotides are joined together by covalent bonds
Sugar group of one nucleotide is bonded to phosphate group of another

9. What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
Sugar-phosphate group on outside
Bases on the inside
Complimentary base pairs
Bases of the two strands bond together in specific way
A-T
C-G

12. What does this mean?
ATTGCGCCTTTTCG
TAACGCGGAAAAGC
What would the complementary strand look like?

13. What is a gene?
Gene:
Function of gene is to code for a specific polypeptide
Language of genes is a specific nucleotide sequence
Each gene is like a sentence/with the bases being the letters

14. What is the Information flow of DNA?
Gene (portion of DNA) is copied
TRANSCRIPTION
mRNA copies a portion of DNA strand (gene)
Leaves nucleus to direct making of protein
The mRNA is read to make specific amino acid sequences
TRANSLATION
Nucleic Acid information into Amino Acids
Each Amino Acid has a specific 3 base CODON that codes for it

15. Basic Process for ALL cells
Transcription
Translation
DNA
RNA
Protein
stored information
working copy
functional molecule

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17. What is RNA? RNA: Ribonucleic Acid
Helps with forming polypeptides from DNA
HOW DOES IT DIFFER FROM DNA?
Uses Ribose /not Deoxyribose
Uses Uracil (U) /not Thymine (T)

19. What is the triplet code?
Codon:
A set of 3 bases (UAU) (TGC)
Each codon codes for only 1 amino acid
The triplet code is used for every organism