1. Molecular mechanisms of hookworm disease: Stealth, virulence, and vaccines 
Mark S. Pearson, PhD, Leon Tribolet, BSc, Cinzia Cantacessi, PhD, Maria Victoria Periago, PhD, Maria Adela Valerio, PhD, Amar R. Jariwala, MD, Peter Hotez, MD, PhD, David Diemert, MD, Alex Loukas, PhD, Jeffrey Bethony, PhD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 130, Issue 1, Pages (July 2012)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Molecular mechanisms of hookworm disease. The key hookworm molecules that determine parasitism can be divided into 3 categories by the stage or stages of infection in the host. Stage 1, Larval activation, host invasion, and tissue migration, including digestion of skin and other tissue macromolecules; stage 2, nutrient acquisition by means of anticoagulation and degradation of host serum proteins for food; and stage 3, neutralization of host defenses through inhibition of host intestinal proteases and immune evasion by means of modulation of the host inflammation response.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , 13-21DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions