1. Structure: They line all the air passages down to the lungs. They have tiny hairs called cilia. Function: Designed to stop Lung Damage Hairs sweep mucus with trapped dust and bacteria back up the throat to be swallowed. If you smoke then the hairs die and the mucus builds up leading to the well known smoker’s cough Nucleus cilia Ciliated Cell

2. Root hair cells Root Hair Cell Structure: Large surface area to absorb lots of water Thin cell wall to allow water to pass through easily Doesn’t contain any chloroplasts unlike all other plant cells Function: Absorbs minerals and water from soil

3. Red blood cells Structure: Large surface area Contains haemoglobin which picks up oxygen Has no nucleus to make room for more oxygen Function: Carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide from the body back to the lungs. Red Blood Cells

4. Sperm cells Sperm Cell Structure: Have a long tail so they can swim to find an egg There are enzymes (like scissors) in the head of the sperm to help the sperm get into the egg Made in the testis of males Function: To carry the father’s genetic information (DNA) to the egg

5. Palisade Cell Structure: Found in the top of a leaf Tall and has a large surface area to catch as much sunlight as possible Packed with chloroplasts to absorb sunlight Function: to carry out photosynthesis to help make plant food. Palisade Cell

6. Egg (Ovum) Cell Structure: Contains yolk that acts as a food source for the developing embryo (baby) when fertilised Much larger than other animal cells (look at the size of the sperm next to it!) Function: Carries the mother’s DNA Cytoplasm containing yolk Layer of jelly Nucleus Egg Cell

7. Red blood cells Function: These cells are found in your blood. They are attracted to diseases and bacteria that enter your body They then ‘eats’ any bacteria/disease so the microbe can’t infect you and make you ill White Blood Cells Nucleus

8. Nerve cells Structure: These are extremely elongated (long) cells Sensory Neurones (Nerve Cells) The long axis (main branch) is covered in fat to prevent the electrical impulses affecting the surrounding parts of your body. They have many branches at both ends to connect to other nerve cells and the cell body which is found in the middle has a nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane. Function: To carry electrical signals around your body

9. Nerve cells Structure: These are extremely elongated (long) cells The cell body is found at the end and the long axis (main branch) is covered in fat to prevent the electrical impulses affecting the surrounding parts of your body Function: To carry electrical impulses around from your brain and spinal chord to the muscles or glands. Motor Neurones (Nerve Cells)

10. Nerve cells Structure Water travels up the plant through the xylem cells. These cells are dead, and have lost their organelles and end walls, to form a long tube water can travel through. (Hollow tube) Function The xylem allows water to travel from the root hair cells in the roots to the palisade cells in the leaves. Xylem

11. Nerve cells The phloem vessel is made out of living tissues. The ends of the cell are referred to as sieve plates. It carries glucose, produced during photosynthesis around the plant, from the leaves to the whole plant. Movement in the phloem is bidirectional. Phloem

12. Nerve cells There are gaps in the leaves called stomata. These gaps allow air to enter the leaves, so the cells can take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Either side of the stomata are the guard cells. These allow the stomata to open and close to allow in air. Stomata