1. Digital Libraries & Technology Trends
ARD Prasad
DRTC
Indian Statistical Institute

2. Agenda Digital Libraries – Statistics Protocols – OAI-ORE, REST, RDF
Persistent IDs – ORCID
Discovery Tools – Metadata & Ontologies
Related Software
Islandora (Integration with Semantic Web)
Vivo (Researchers and Research Projects)
CKAN & DataVerse (Data repositories)

3. Statistics from DOAR registered Repositories India stands in 13th place

6. Worldwide Installations of DSpace
Total:
USA: 296
India: 179
Brazil: 116
India has the second largest install base

7. Protocols

8. OAI-ORE Open Archives Initiative – Object Reuse and Exchange
DSpace supports OAI-ORE
Allows not only metadata, but also the digital objects to be harvested
DSpace can act both as Data Provider and Service Provider

9. REST Protocol Representational State Transfer
Became more popular than SOAP
(Simple Object Access Protocol)
Compliant to HTTP
DSpace supports REST
Meant for developing Web APIs, so that many web based services can launched
For example, one can interact offline with DSpace and retrieve and manipulate retrieved data

10. RDF Resource Description Framework
Formats to serialize data following RDF
RDF/XML,
Turtle,
N-Triples and
N3-Notation
DSpace prefers Turtle, but the code can should be able to handle other formats

11. Turtle RDF is expressed in Triples – Subject, Predicate, Object
Ex: Bernard Shaw(subject) wrote(predicate) Saint Joan(Object)
Similar to SPARQL (query language of RDF)
Turtle ex:
<
<
<

12. Persistent Identifier

13. IDs everywhere Printed documents have ISBN, ISSN etc
Digital Documents have DOI, CNRI handles
Authors have ORCID
Organisational ID: organizationally unique identifier (OUI)
Library Science pioneered IDs a few decades back – Authority Files – Name, Corporate Name, Publishers, Geographical Area, subjects etc

14. ORCID Open Researcher and Contributor ID
A unique and Persistent Id for researchers and authors. (Free and Non-proprietary)
Similar to Name authority files with an added ID
Managed by not-for-profit organization.
Resolves name ambiguity
Spelling variation
Transliteration
Name Changes: Maiden or Married name
Names with and without initials

15. ORCID Open Researcher and Contributor ID
Advantages
Helps in discoverability
Eliminates ambiguity of researchers having same name
Connects research with researchers

16. Where to Use ORCID Submitting research articles
Applying for funding to support research projects
Membership to learned bodies
Digital/Data repositories
Any information system for researcher
Allows connecting research with research project, organisations
Note: Recent versions of DSpace support ORCID

17. ORCID interoperability
CrossRef
DataCite
EuroCRIS
RefFund (FundRef) etc.

18. Should be Mandated
UGC should mandate that all research students, faculty
Funding agencies like DST, DBT, ICAR, ICSSR, ICHR etc
Journals in various subjects including LIS
Digital Repositories. DSpace supports ORCID

19. Metadata and Ontologies

20. Metadata
Metadata is being used in much more broader sense than confined to documents
Metadata of people (FOAF – Friend of a Friend)
Metadata of
Organizations
Events
Processes
Products
Every entity

21. Metadata A powerful Discovery tool There are more 200 metadata scheme
Metadata is becoming highly domain specific
Dublin Core is considered as the lowest common denominator

22. Ontologies
Library Classification, Thesauri metamorphosis into Ontologies
Major difference is making the relations more explicit to implement Description Logic so that inference engines can be applied
Schema:
SKOS (Simple knowledge Organisation System)
OWL (Web Ontology Language)

23. Digital Library Related Software

24. DuraSpace Products
A joint venture of DSpace Foundation and Fedora Commons Organization
DSpace
Fedora (Backend of Islandora)
Vivo

25. Islandora Digital Repository Software
Combines
Fedora (digital asset management software)
Drupal (Content Management System – one can use Drupal modules, functions, themes etc.)
Solr (Indexing)
Preservation metadata automatically generated

26. Islandora Solution Packs
Supports Research Data
Data Solution Pack
Chemistry Solution Pack
Biosciences Solution Pack
Other Generic Packs
Basic collection Solution
Audio solutions pack
Basic image solution pack, etc.

27. Vivo: A DuraSpace Project
A semantic-web-based research and researcher discovery tool for people plus the research they do
VIVO is an open source software and an ontology for representing scholarship.
VIVO supports recording, editing, searching, browsing and visualizing scholarly activity.
VIVO encourages research discovery, expert finding, network analysis and assessment of research impact.
VIVO is easily extended to support additional domains of scholarly activity.

28. Data Repository Software
CKAN
Mostly used in publishing government data at International, National, even city level
DataVerse
Mostly popular with Research Data Management (RDM).

29. Concluding Remarks

30. Information Are catalogues confined to describing books of documents
Trade catalogues deal with all kindly products where each product is described along with pictures of the product. Albeit not a structured way or following some standards
We use classification in day to day life, need not be confined to classifying books for shelf arrangement or building thesauri for vocabulary control
Persistent Identifiers are important in many contexts

31. Thank You