1. Solubility & Concentration

2. Concentration of Solution
Solvent Solute

3. Molarity Example Problem 1
NaCl
12.6 g of NaCl are dissolved in water making 344mL of solution. Calculate the molar concentration.

4. % Concentration
Mass percent:
% (w/w) =
Volume percent:
% (v/v) =

5. % Concentration Example Problem
What is the concentration in %v/v of a solution containing 3.2 L of ethanol in 6.5 L of solution?
% (v/v) =

6. Parts per million (ppm)or
= ppm
Mass and volume units must match.
(g & mL) or (Kg & L)

7. ppm
Example Problem 1
An Olympic sized swimming pool contains 2,500,000 L of water. If 1 tsp of salt (NaCl) is dissolved in the pool, what is the concentration in ppm?
1 teaspoon = 6.75 g NaCl or

8. Molality
Molality (molal volume): moles solute for each kilogram of solvent m = mol/kg Uses only mass not volume. Volume for some liquids is temperature dependant

9. antifreeze is ethylene glycol C2H6O2
Molal (m)
Example Problem 1
If the cooling system in your car has a capacity of 14 qts, and you want the coolant to be protected from freezing down to -25°F, the label says to combine 6 quarts of antifreeze with 8 quarts of water. What is the molal concentration of the antifreeze in the mixture?
antifreeze is ethylene glycol C2H6O2
1 qt antifreeze = 1053 grams
1 qt water = 946 grams
m =
= 13 m