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Principle of Equivalence: Einstein 1907
Box stationary in gravity field Box accelerates in empty space Box falling freely Box moves through space at constant velocity
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Aberration of Light Moral: direction of light beam is relative
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Gravitational deflection of Light
Now assume boxes are accelerating Light path is curved
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Gravity attracts light!
Light ray curved in accelerating frame Principle of Equivalence (acceleration = gravity) Gravity attracts light!
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Paradox: How can gravity attract light
if light has no mass?
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MASS-ENERGY EQUIVALENCE
Gravity extracts energy from escaping matter Gravity extracts energy from escaping light Gravitational redshift, time dilation Other points of view same result: accelerating frames of reference - apply special relativity spacetime is curved
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CURVATURE OF SPACETIME
How to tell difference between accelerating frame and gravity? tidal forces curvature Eliminates Newton’s “action at a distance” Freely moving bodies follow “shortest path” not necessarily a straight line
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GENERAL RELATIVITY: EINSTEIN 1915
Matter + energy determine curvature of spacetime Curvature of spacetime determines motion of matter + energy
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