1. Do Now: Collect Periodic Table and packet at the front.
Answer the following questions:
What are valence electrons?
Why are valence electrons important?
Draw a Bohr model of Carbon. Label the valence electrons.
How many bonds can Carbon form?

2. Population Ecology

3. What is a population?

4. Population: group of organisms of the same species living in the same habitat

5. Aerial census for African buffalo in the Serengeti of East Africa
What population is listed below?
What is their habitat?
Aerial census for African buffalo in the Serengeti of East Africa

6. Aerial census for African buffalo in the Serengeti of East Africa
What population is listed below?
Below is a population of African Buffalo.
What is their habitat? They are living in the Serengeti of East Africa.
Aerial census for African buffalo in the Serengeti of East Africa

7. Population Growth
Numbers of organisms in a population can go up, down, or stay constant over time.
What is the population shown here doing?
What are some factors that may cause a population of organisms to increase or decrease over time?

8. Factors that Control Population Growth
- Birth rate (how many are being added)
Death rate (how many are being removed)
Immigration –individuals moving in
Emigration – individuals moving away

9. What Influences Birth Rate, Migration, Death Rate?
Abiotic = Non-living Biotic = Living

10. Factors That May Affect Population Size
Abiotic = Non-living Biotic = Living
Environmental Catastrophes
-- fires, floods, volcano
Temperature
Water Supply
Habitat availability
Human Induced changes
Predators
Prey
Competition
Migration
Parasites
Disease

11. Population Growth Patterns
When a population is increasing, it is said to be growing exponentially.
When a population is growing exponentially, is the birth rate higher, lower, or equal to the death rate?
Exponential growth:
birth rate is higher than
the death rate
Exponential growth

12. Population Growth Patterns
Carrying Capacity: populations of organisms reach a plateau in their growth. Death rate = birth rate
Logistical growth: population that has reached carrying capacity
carrying
capacity

13. Population Growth Patterns
Do Now:
Population Growth Patterns
Collect papers at front.
In your notebook answer the following questions:
What is the carrying capacity of the population on the right?
How many days did it take for the population to reach carrying capacity?
Which of the following is probably NOT a reason the population reached and maintained a plateau?
a. limits in food supply
b. competition with other species
c. competition for space
d. a major storm

14. Population Growth Patterns
What is the carrying capacity of the population on the right? around 135 individuals
About how many days did it take for the population to reach carrying capacity? about 80 days
Which of the following is probably NOT a reason the population reached and maintained a plateau?
a. limits in food supply
b. competition with other species
c. competition for space
d. a major storm would probably not cause a population to maintain its size

15. Logistical vs. Exponential
Have humans demonstrated logistical or exponential growth?
What are some factors that have caused the human population to skyrocket in the past 200 years?

16. Logistical vs. Exponential
Humans have demonstrated exponential growth.
What are some factors that have caused the human population to skyrocket in the past 200 years?
Improved technology
Medical advances (ie: antibiotics, vaccines)
Social support systems
Increased education
Higher income

17. 2 1 2 4 3

19. Let’s review...
What is the most populated age group in this population?
2. Predict what age group will be the most populated in 15 years.
What proportion of children in this population are under the age of 5?
How many are female?

20. Let’s review...
What is the most populated age group in this population?
The most populated age group is those between 20 and 24 years in age.
Predict what age group will be the most populated in 15 years. Assuming that there is not a major growth period in this population in the next 15 years, the group that is currently years old will be in the age group.

21. Let’s review...
About how many children in this population are under the age of 5?
Approximately 12.5% of the population is 0-4 years old.
How many of them are female? Looking on the left side of the pyramid in the 0-4 age bracket, about 6% of those under age 5 are female.

22. So back to our previous question. How do these three countries compare?
United States
Afganistan
Italy

23. U.S. vs. Afghanistan
Afghanistan
United States

24. Now, let’s compare countries again…
What do you notice about the populations from these countries?
Do you notice that Afghanistan has a larger proportion of people in the lower age brackets?
The U.S. has more people in the middle age bracket.

25. Factors that Affect Population
Household income: This factor greatly impacts the population because it is necessary to acquire food.
In the United States, the average income of a household is $43,500, while in Uganda it is a mere $1,800.

26. Factors that Affect Population, cont.
Medical Technology:
The United States is at an all time high with both computer and medical technological advances, while Uganda imports what they can from generous countries.
The United States created medical technology while Uganda has a hard enough time finding trained doctors to help the sick.
Lack of medical technology is a primary factor in population dynamics, if not the most important of all.

27. Factors that Affect Population, cont.
Disease Prevention: Is key in spreading knowledge and protection which leads to less annual deaths creating a larger population (especially in the higher age category).
The United States has taken initiative and created the CDC (Center for Disease Control) to spread awareness and way of protection.
Uganda has 4.1% of its population infected with aids, while the United States is only about .6%. This accounts for the lower life expectancy in Uganda.

28. Technology and Population
Disease Vaccinations: This technology has immense capabilities, and large impacts on population dynamics.
This specific advancement in technology is a positive advancement in population. When a disease is curable, the population will increase, especially in older people.
Technology is a positive influence on population dynamics due to its ability to save lives and boost the number of elderly people.

29. Now, let’s compare countries again…
Based on these graphs, what is one issue that each country will have to face in the future??

30. Now, let’s compare countries again…
Based on these graphs, what is one issue that each country will have to face in the future??
Afghanistan: Afghanistan is clearly a growing country. It has proportionally many more younger people. The country will have to supply more and more resources like food and energy for its growing population.

31. Now, let’s compare countries again…
Based on these graphs, what is one issue that each country will have to face in the future??
U.S.: The U.S. is a stabilized population with little growth. It will have an aging middle class in years to come. Because the average age in the U.S. continues to rise, it may have a difficult time supporting its large number of aging citizens.

32. Now lets look at Italy…
To the right is a population pyramid from the year 2000 and a projected (predicted) pyramid for the year 2025.
How does Italy differ from the first two countries?
What is expected to happen it Italy in the next 16 years?

33. Now lets look at Italy…
To the right is a population pyramid from the year 2000 and a projected (predicted) pyramid for the year 2025.
How does Italy differ from the first two countries? Italy is a country who’s population is on a decline.
What is expected to happen it Italy in the next 16 years? The number of young people in Italy is expected to continue to decrease over the next decade.

34. What are some issues that Italians face in the future?
Now lets look at Italy…
What are some issues that Italians face in the future?

35. What are some issues that Italians face in the future?
Now lets look at Italy…
What are some issues that Italians face in the future?
Italians face a declining population. That means a smaller work force and a shrinking population of the Italian culture and heritage.

36. Summary… test yourself
To the right is a comparison of France and Kenya. Answer the following questions:
1. What is a potential concern for each country for the future?
2. What is a major difference between the two populations in terms of life expectancy? Predict why.
3. Label each country as “A growing country” or “A stable/declining country”.
4. One country is growing exponentially. Which one?

37. Summary… answers FRANCE
What is a potential concern for each country for the future?
France is a stabilized population with little growth. It will have an aging middle class in years to come. Because the average age in France continues to rise, how will the population support its large number of aging citizens?
What is a major difference between the two populations in terms of life expectancy?
France has many more people growing into their 80’s and even 90’s compared to Kenya.
This may be because France has better health care for the sick and elderly.
3. Label each country as “A growing country” or “A stable/declining country”. This country has a stable/declining population.
One country is growing exponentially. Which one?
(Not this one.)

38. Summary… answers KENYA
What is a potential concern for each country for the future?
Kenya clearly is a growing country. It has proportionally many more younger people than France. The country will have to supply more and more resources like food and energy for its growing population.
What is a major difference between the two populations in terms of life expectancy?
Kenya has many fewer people growing into their 70’s and even 80’s compared to France.
This may be because Kenya has poorer health care and fewer nursing programs for the elderly.
3. Label each country as “A growing country” or “A stable/declining country”. This country has a growing population.
One country is growing exponentially. Which one?
Kenya is definitely growing exponentially.

39. RAPID GROWTH “Pyramid”
Rapid, Slow or Negative Population Growth?

40. SLOW GROWTH “Boxy” “Pear Shaped” “Middle Bulge”
Rapid, Slow or Negative Population Growth?

41. Which is Fast, which is Slow Growth?
Slow vs Fast
Which is Fast, which is Slow Growth?

42. Fast to Negative 1999
Rapid, Slow or Negative Population Growth?

43. You can research population pyramids, and other info having to do with population for any country worldwide. Visit the website below: