1. Specifications: Instrumentation, Real-time Data Relay, Management, Maintenance and Training
Module 7
Mark Heggli
Innovative Hydrology, Inc.
Consultant To The World Bank
Expert Real-Time Hydrology Information Systems

2. Notice
Examples that refer to products are intended for illustrative purposes only, and do not imply an endorsement or recommendation of any particular product

3. Specifications Technical Specifications General Information
Address The Needs
Key Requirements
Functional Specifications Vs Vendor Driven Specifications
Instrumentation
Data Logger
Surface Water
Water Level
Discharge
Ground Water
Rainfall
Real-time Data Relay
Management
Maintenance and Training

4. Technical Specifications General Information
Address the Needs
It is recommended that a complete survey of water level stations be included prior to the final selection of appropriate technologies
The solutions should be determined on a site-by-site basis, as no single technology will be suitable or sustainable for all gauging locations in India
There is a desire to use non-contact solutions to measure water level whenever possible, though part of a centric solution may include contact measurement methods
Lifetime of Equipment
The expected life-time of electronic equipment such as data loggers, sensors, etc., is expected to be at least 12 years and no longer than 15 years
After 15 years, hydrologic monitoring equipment generally becomes obsolete, and is usually the maximum timeframe that manufacturers support a given make/model of equipment
It should be stated in the tender document that current technology will only be offered, and equipment being offered will be supported for a minimum of 10 years after the date of final acceptance of equipment

5. Technical Specifications General Information: Key Requirements
Accuracy:
The correctness of the reading (how close it is to reality) Two primary sources of error is drift and stability.
Resolution:
The fineness to which an instrument can be read.
Precision:
The fineness to which and instrument can be read repeatedly and reliably (Usually inversely proportional to range)
Range:
The span of the expected measurements

6. Technical Specifications General Information
Accuracy and Precision
Not accurate but precise
Accurate but not precise
Not accurate, not precise

7. Technical Specifications General Information
Functional Specifications vs Vendor Driven Specifications
Functional Specifications
Functional Specifications are specifications that address the true needs of the customer. It takes into account all important factors that are best for the customer:
Cover customer parameters
Measurement
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Precision
Output
Power
Voltage
Consumption
Environment
Operational and Storage Temperature
Humidity
Protection from elements (NEMA, IP)
Other
Mounting Requirements
Cable Lengths
Calibration Needs
Tools
Manuals
Create competition
Write specifications that comply with multiple vendors while covering the customer needs
Vendor Driven Specifications
Vendor Driven Specifications are specifications that written for a particular vendor or product
Usually are written for a specific product
It eliminates competition from the bid
May increase the cost for to the customer since no competition is created
May provide equipment that is not the best for the customer because it is suites the vendor not the customer

8. Instrumentation: Data Logger

9. Instrumentation: Data Logger Continued
Item
Specification
System
Display
Digital display for viewing the latest data. Must be part of the logger and not require the opening of the logger and exposure of hardware parts to the elements.
Keyboard function to allow the adjustment of datums and viewing of data on display (must be internal)
Sensor Input
4 analog input
2 digital input (different then digital output)
2 digital output (programmable)
2 tipping bucket input
SDI-12; allowing connection to 10 SDI-12 devices with 5 parameters per device
Other inputs required by sensors being installed at station
A/D resolution 16 bits or better
I/O Interface
2 input interfaces for the use of data communication, including simultaneous use of any 2 data communications radios/systems
1 input/output interface for the programming of the data collection platform. This must be in addition to the two input/output interfaces used for data communication. Cables for programming shall be included with each data logger.
Software
Unlimited licenses for the software used for data communication
Software compatible with Windows XP and Windows 7
Software language in English
Data Storage
Storage of one year of data, expandable to 1 GB or better
Memory for data storage shall be non-volatile. Data stored will not be lost in the event of power interruption or system reset.
Power
Voltage
11-15 V DC
Data collection platform shall survive reverse polarity connections (system will operate normally when polarity is applied properly without any other changes, such as fuses)
If Data Collection Platform power is interrupted the platform will have the option to restart data collection and transmissions automatically, and without technician intervention.
Environmental
Humidty
0 to 100% operational and storage
Temperature
-10 ˚ C ˚ C operational and storage
Other Requirements
Mounting
The data logger shall be easy to dismount and replace in the event of malfunction.
Data logger mounting supports and other accessories included.
Enclosure shall be designed to dissuade or otherwise prevent unauthorized access.
All wire runs between the data logger, sensors and power supply shall be similarly designed.
All parts, cables, components required to successfully operate the products as a complete system.
Tools and Manuals
Complete toolkit for installation and routine maintenance giving full details. (number of pieces and type)
Full documentation and maintenance instructions in English. (1 per station)
System
Display
Sensor Input
I/O Interface
Software
Data Storage
Power
Voltage
Environmental
Humidity
Temperature
Other Requirements
Mounting
Tools and Manuals

10. Instrumentation: Surface Water Level - Bubbler
The bubbler system includes non-submersible pressure transducer, automatic bubble system, orifice line and orifice which shall meet or exceed the following specifications:
Continuous bubbler (line under pressure continuously) utilizing supply tank.
Water level sensor technology shall be a non-submersible pressure transducer that will be located in the gauge house.
Anodized pipe or similar material, orifice line and orifice cap will be supplied by the bidder.  In the case of measuring over a high range of water levels, several orifice lines shall be constructed with a minimum of 15% of the range of pressure transducer overlap between lines (~3m). In these cases the bubbler will come with a multiple orifice manifold where orifice lines are permanently fixed to the bubbler.
Solar charging system and battery backup which will be included at every station shall be designed to accommodate the continuous operation of the bubbler.

11. Instrumentation: Surface Water Level – Bubbler Continued
Bubbler Water Level
Item
Specification
System
Description
The bubbler is a contact solution that will be used if there is a site that is suitable for this technology. A continuous bubbling system is required, where bubbles are continuously produced thus keeping the line under pressure
Water Level
Range
15 psi or the range of the level
Accuracy
< 0.02% Full Scale
Resolution
15 psi
Output
SDI-12
Calibration
Ability to perform calibration in Bangladesh; Calibration equipment to be included in bid.
Orifice Line
Must be provided and will be determined on site by site basis upon inspection by bidder.
Air Drying System
System must not require maintenance for a minimum of two years of continuous service in the field, which includes changing desiccant, if a desiccant system is offered.
Sensor Type
Non-submersible transducer.
Purge
Manual line purge.
Bubble Rate
Programmable bubbles per minute
Power
Voltage
10-15 V DC
Consumption
<25mA based on 60 bubbles per minute
Environmental
Protection
NEMA 4
Humidty
0 to 100% operational and storage
Temperature
-10 ˚ C ˚ C operational and storage
Other Requirements
Mounting
The bubbler shall be easy to dismount and replace in the event of malfunction.
Bubbler mounting supports and other accessories included.
Enclosure shall be designed to dissuade or otherwise prevent unauthorized access.
All wire runs between the bubbler and the data logger shall be similarly designed.
Bidder must submit and have approved a schematic of civil works that assures a robust and secure installation prior to start of work.
Orifice line must be protected by conduit.
Tools and Manuals
Complete toolkit for installation and routine maintenance giving full details. (number of pieces and type)
Full documentation and maintenance instructions in English. (1 per station)
System
Water Level
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Output
Calibration
Orifice Line
Air Drying System
Sensor Type
Purge
Bubble Rate
Power
Voltage
Consumption
Environmental
Protection
Humidity
Temperature
Other Requirements
Mounting
Tools and Manuals

12. Instrumentation: Surface Water Level- Shaft Encoder

13. Instrumentation: Surface Water Level- Shaft Encoder Continued
Item
Specification
Site Conditions
• Ambient Temperature: -40 to +60 degrees C (air)
Sensor Type
• Shaft encoder with digital readout
Resolution
• 3mm or less
Output
• SDI-12
Accessories
• Floats, graduated tapes (metric), wheel, counterweight, and cabling
Enclosure
• Lockable (key) box provided by the supplier to be mounted within the gauge house
Tools and Manuals
• Full documentation and maintenance instructions in English (1 copy per station)
• Complete tool kit for installation and routine maintenance giving full details (number of pieces and type)
Site Conditions
Sensor Type
Resolution
Output
Accessories
Enclosure
Tools and Manuals

14. Instrumentation: Surface Water Level – Submersible Pressure Transducer

15. Instrumentation: Surface Water Level – Submersible Pressure Transducer Cont.
Item
Specification
System
Description
System will be a complete in-pipe solution with all components inserted within a pipe of not more than 75 mm in diameter and 3 m of total length. System will come complete with components to secure device in pipe.
Water Level
Range
0-10m
Accuracy
± 5 mm including reproducibility and hystersis
Resolution
≤ 1 mm
Precision/Stability
± 1 mm/year
Calibration
Ability to perform calibration in India. Calibration equipment to be included in bid.
Cabling
3 m
Temperature
0 – 40 ˚ C
± 0.5 ˚ C
≤ 0.1 ˚ C
± 0.5 ˚ C/year
Ability to perform calibration in India; Calibration equipment to be included in bid.
Power
Voltage
≤ 12 V DC
Environmental
Protection
All components IP-68
0 to 50 ˚ C operational / -10 to 70 ˚ C storage
Humidty
0 to 100% operational and storage
System
Water Level
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Precision/Stability
Calibration
Temperature
Power
Voltage
Environmental
Protection
Humidity

16. Instrumentation: Surface Water Level - Ultrasonic

17. Instrumentation: Surface Water Level – Ultrasonic Continued
Ultrasonic Water Level
Item
Specification
System
Description
The ultrasonic sensor is a not contact solution. It will need to be mounted on a bridge or platform.
Water Level
Range
0-10m
Accuracy
0.25% of detected range
Resolution
2.5mm
Output
4-20mA or SDI-12
Calibration
Ability to perform calibration in Bangladesh; Calibration equipment to be included in bid.
Power
Voltage
11-16 V DC
Consumption
< 12VDC (unit will be on switched power so that it operates and draws power only at measurement time)
Environmental
Protection
NEMA 4
Humidty
0 to 100% operational and storage
Temperature
-10 ˚ C ˚ C operational and storage
Other Requirements
Mounting
The ultrasonic sensor shall be easy to dismount and replace in the event of malfunction.
Ultrasonic mounting supports and other accessories included.
Enclosure shall be designed to dissuade or otherwise prevent unauthorized access.
All wire runs between the ultrasonic and the data logger shall be similarly designed.
Bidder must submit and have approved a schematic of civil works that assures a robust and secure installation prior to start of work.
Tools and Manuals
Complete toolkit for installation and routine maintenance giving full details. (number of pieces and type)
Full documentation and maintenance instructions in English. (1 per station)
System
Water Level
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Output
Calibration
Power
Voltage
Consumption
Environmental
Protection
Temperature
Humidity
Other Requirements
Mounting
Tools and Manuals

18. Instrumentation: Surface Water Level - Radar

19. Instrumentation: Surface Water Level – Radar Continued
Radar Water Level
Item
Specification
System
Description
The radar is a preffered non contact solution. The radar will be connected to the data logger specified
Water Level
Range
1-30m
Accuracy
≤ .03% full scale
Resolution
≤ 3 mm
Output
SDI-12
Calibration
Ability to perform calibration in Bangladesh; Calibration equipment to be included in bid.
Cabling
Must be provided and will be determined on site by site basis upon inspection by bidder.
Power
Voltage
10-15 V DC
Consumption
Active: <20mA, Sleep: <10mA
Environmental
Protection
NEMA 4
Humidty
0 to 100% operational and storage
Temperature
-10 ˚ C ˚ C operational and storage
Other Requirements
Mounting
The radar shall be easy to dismount and replace in the event of malfunction.
Sensor mounting supports and other accessories included.
Enclosure shall be designed to dissuade or otherwise prevent unauthorized access.
All wire runs between the radar and the data logger shall be similarly designed.
Bidder must submit and have approved a schematic of civil works that assures a robust and secure installation prior to start of work.
Tools and Manuals
Complete toolkit for installation and routine maintenance giving full details. (number of pieces and type)
Full documentation and maintenance instructions in English. (1 per station)
System
Water Level
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Output
Calibration
Cabling
Power
Voltage
Consumption
Environmental
Protection
Humidity
Temperature
Other Requirements
Mounting
Tools and Manuals

20. Instrumentation: Discharge – Radar Discharge

21. Instrumentation: Discharge – Radar Discharge
Category
Description
Power Input
11-16V DC
Minimum Velocity
m/s
Maximum Velocity
+ 8 m/s
Direction
+ or -
Resolution
1mm/s
Range
.3m to 20m
Output
Compatible with data collection system
Tools and Manuals
Complete tool kit for installation and routine maintenance giving full details (number of pieces and type)
Power Input
Minimum and Maximum Velocity
Direction
Resolution
Range
Output
Tools and Manuals

22. Instrumentation: Discharge - ADCP
Side Looking

23. Instrumentation: Discharge – ADCP Continued
ADCP- Side Looking
Category
Description
ADCP Type
Side-looking ADCP for continuous measurement of discharge
Sampling Range
m or as determined upon inspection site
Vertical Beam Range
0.2-15m
Horizontal Beam Width
1.4 degrees
Vertical Beam Width
3.8 degrees
Depth Range
0.3-10m of depth
Depth Accuracy
The greater of +/-0.6 cm or 0.1% of measured depth
Voltage Input
12V
Accessories
All mounting equipment, conduit for a secure installation along the river bed. The bidder may suggest alternative solution that yields the same or higher accuracy and precision
Tools and Manuals
• Complete tool kit for installation and routine maintenance giving full details (number of pieces and type)
• Full documentation (wiring diagrams) and maintenance instructions in English (1 copy per station)
Side Looking

24. Instrumentation: Discharge – ADCP Continued
ADCP- Up Looking
Category
Description
ADCP Type
upward looking ADCP for continuous measurement of discharge
Water Level  Depth
0.2-5m
Water Level Accuracy
+0.1% of measured level, +0.3 cm
Velocity Profiling Depth
.03-5m
Velocity Range
+ 5m/s
Water Velocity Accuracy
+1% of measured velocity, +0.5 cm/s
Voltage Input
12V
Accessories
All mounting equipment, conduit for a secure installation along the river bed. The bidder may suggest alternative solution that yields the same or higher accuracy and precision
Tools and Manuals
• Complete tool kit for installation and routine maintenance giving full details (number of pieces    and type)
• Full documentation (wiring diagrams) and maintenance instructions in English (1 copy per station)
Up Looking

25. Instrumentation: Discharge – ADCP Continued
ADCP- Down Looking
Category
Description
ADCP Type
• Down-looking ADCP for manual measurement of discharge
Profiling Distance
• m
Profiling Velocity
• +/-20m/s
Velocity Accuracy
• 0.25% of measured velocity
Velocity Resolution
• 0.001m/s
Depth Range
• m of depth
Depth Accuracy
• 1%
Depth Resolution
• 0.001m
Discharge Distance
Computations
• All performed internally
Accessories
• Floating platform for the ADCP
• GPS for bottom tracking
• All necessary tethers and taglines
• Real-time display for instantaneous readings
Tools and Manuals
• Complete tool kit for installation and routine maintenance giving full details (number of pieces and type)
• Full documentation (wiring diagrams) and maintenance instructions in English (1 copy per station)
Down Looking

26. Instrumentation: Ground Water – Submersible Pressure Transducer

27. Instrumentation: Ground Water – Submersible Pressure Transducer Cont.
Item
Specification
System
Description
System will be a complete in-pipe solution with all components inserted within a pipe.
Water Level
Range
0-3m
Accuracy
± 2 mm
Resolution
≤ 1 mm
Precision/Stability
± 1 mm/year
Calibration
Ability to perform calibration in India Calibration equipment to be included in bid.
Cabling
3 m, vented
Temperature
0 – 40 ˚ C
± 0.5 ˚ C
≤ 0.1 ˚ C
± 0.5 ˚ C/year
Ability to perform calibration in India; Calibration equipment to be included in bid.
Internal Data Logger
Data Storage
Water level and Temperature from once per minute to once per day, user programmable. Required to store one year of time-stamped data taken hourly for both temperature and water level.
Data Transmission
GSM/GPRS from text and/or FTP (or SFTP) from once per hour to once hour to once per week.
GPS
Built in GPS which can be programmed to sync the time and provide the location (latitude/longitude) of the data logger. The location will be required to be transmitted through the GSM/GPRS.
Communication Interface
IrDa or Bluetooth
Dimension
≤ 55 mm in diameter
Special Feature
Ability to set stage using a mobile device such as a PDA, Tablet, or Smartphone with a point and click application (Fully describe the application to set stage)
Ability to turn on/off GSM/GPRS application using a mobile device such as a PDA, Tablet, or Smartphone with a point and click application (Fully describe the application to turn on/off GSM/GPRS)
Ability to change data transmission rates within the range of once per hour to once per week using a mobile device such as a PDA, TABLET, or Smartphone through an Application (APP). Fully describe the application to change transmission rates.
Requirement to download data through IrDa or Bluetooth connection using a mobile device such as a PDA, TABLET, or Smartphone through an Application (APP). Fully describe the application to download data.
Data Communication
Modem
GSM/GPRS compatible with frequencies available in Bangladesh (Provide data sheet or example of compliance)
Integration
Modem will be integrated into the data logger enclosure
Antenna
Built in weatherproof with no external appearance of an antenna
Power
Type
Self-contained (no external charging device required)
Voltage
≤ 12 V DC
Batteries
Commonly available in Bangladesh (i.e. 1.5V AA, AAA, C, or D cells)
Operational Life
Data Measurement/Logging and GSM/GPRS data communication 1 per hr, one year minimum per set of batteries
Environmental
Protection
All components IP-68
0 to 50 ˚ C operational / -10 to 70 ˚ C storage
Humidty
0 to 100% operational and storage
System
Water Level
Same as Surface Water Submersible Pressure Transducer
Temperature
Internal Data Logger
Data Storage
Data Transmission
GPS
Communication Interface
Special Feature
Data Communication
Modem
Integration
Antenna
Power
Type
Voltage
Batteries
Operational Life
Environmental

28. Instrumentation: Rainfall – Tipping Bucket

29. Instrumentation: Rainfall – Tipping Bucket
Item
Specification
System
Description
The tipping bucket is the preffered method of measuring rainfall
Rainfall
Intensity
0-500mm/hr
Accuracy
2% of reading for total precipitation
Signal Output
Pulse counter
Calibration
Ability to perform calibration in Bangladesh; Calibration equipment to be included in bid (one set for every 25 gauges).
Power
Voltage
12 VDC nominal
Other Requirements
Needs
Tipping bucket base and collector: durable and rigid of cast metal, molded thermoplastic, or equivalent; galvanized iron sheet is not permitted.
Rim material: gun metal/brass/stainless steel or equivalent
Rainfall shall be measured using a tipping bucket method and shall be able to record rainfall cumulatively with the data collection platform.
Rainfall sensor shall be of such a design that it operates reliably and accurately under prevailing environmental and weather conditions
The dissolved oxygen sensor shall be easy to dismount and replace in the event of malfunction.
Rain gauge is easy to operate and easy to calibrate.
Minimum expected operational lifetime shall be 15 years or greater
Bucket capacity: 1 mm equivalent rainfall.
Focus on rainfall gauge is the accurate measurement of rainfall totals, not necessarily rainfall rates. The use of a siphon system to normalize rainfall rate to achieve accurate total rainfall or software which will normalize varying rainfall rates and errors caused by changing rainfall rates is specified.
Contact system using dual reed switches with varistor protection.
Insect covers on all openings.
Collecting funnel diameter: close to 200 mm internal diameter
The gauge will have leg adjusters to set the level horizontally
Certified calibration test document shall be included with every gauge. The calibration may be performed just prior to installation to assure accuracy of certified calibration test.
Ability to service tipping bucket gauge without re-leveling the gauge.
Calibration kit for tipping buckets. (4 units)
Necessary cables to connect precipitation gauge to data logger as required.
All wire runs between the tipping bucket and the data logger shall be similarly designed.
Bidder must submit and have approved a schematic of civil works that assures a robust and secure installation prior to start of work.
Tools and Manuals
Complete toolkit for installation and routine maintenance giving full details. (number of pieces and type)
Full documentation and maintenance instructions in English. (1 per station)
System
Rainfall
Intensity
Accuracy
Signal Output
Calibration
Power
Voltage
Other Requirements
Needs
Tools and Manuals

30. Real-time Data Relay

31. Management

32. Maintenance and Training