1. The Art of Persuasion Artistotle (384-322 BC)
Greek philosopher who studied under Plato.  His discussion of rhetoric contributed lasting ideas about the methods of persuasion.

2. Rhetoric
Persuasion
The art of using language effectively and persuasively.
An appeal to an audience.

3. Ethos
Logos, and Pathos
Elements identified by Aristotle as appeals necessary to effectively persuade an audience.
(It is used in many settings every day! Yes…even by you! )

4. ETHOS The establishment of the credibility of the author or speaker.
(related adjectives:
believable
credible
trustworthy
ethical)
The establishment of the credibility of the author or speaker. 
It is about the character of the person delivering the message.

5. Methods of establishing ethos.
References to one’s status, accomplishments, education, or experience.
Affiliation with a person of great respect.
Allusions to respected persons, events, things.
Symbolism.

6. Pathos An appeal to the audience’s emotions. (related words: Sympathy
Empathy)
An appeal to the audience’s emotions.

7. Methods of establishing pathos
(Evoking emotional interest)
Use of …
figurative language such as metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole
vivid imagery
emotional anecdotes
vivid, connotative language

8. Logos An appeal to reason (related words: Logical Reasonable.
Logos
(related words:
Logical
Reasonable
Deduction)

9. Methods of developing logos. Use of … credible facts and statistics.
deductive and inductive reasoning
citation of credible sources
analogies
Methods
of developing
logos.

10. DEDUCTION –General to specific reasoning
Famous syllogism:
All men are mortal
Socrates is a man.
Socrates is mortal.”
Haemon reasons this way:
All men make mistakes
Creon is a man.
Creon can make a mistake.

11. Definitions of Literary Terms Related to Rhetoric

12. Allusion
Reference to well-known work of literature, person, place, thing, or event.
fromCreon’s opening speech:
“By the merciful wisdom of heaven….”

13. METAPHOR
A comparison between two things that are different, but have something in common.
“Our ship of state has come to safe harbor at last…”
Creon referring to Thebes as a ship that has weathered storms.

14. ANALOGY EXTENDED METAPHOR
Haemon compares Creon’s inflexiblity to a tree that cannot bend…thus is torn up in a storm.
Haemon compares Creon’s inflexiblity to a sail with no slack which leads to a boat being capsized

15. Simile A metaphor that uses specific words to express comparison.
Like/As/Resembles

16. Personification
Giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea.

17. HYPERBOLE
Overstating of an idea.
exaggeration

18. Symbol
A person, place, object or action that stands for something beyond itself.

19. IMAGERY Words and phrases that appeal to the five senses.
Creon’s words: “…he who came with fire and sword…to spill the blood of his blood….”