1. TRADE DEFENCE MEASURES
dumping and antidumping
dumping in itself is not prohibited, as a market economy aims at the reduction of prices
GATT article VI:
“less than the normal value”
injury to an industry
causal link

2. TRADE DEFENCE MEASURES
the injured country can impose an antidumping duty
the AD agreement provides definitions and details of the procedures: determination of dumping and injury; investigation; evidence; imposition and collection of duties; duration and review; DCs ; dispute settlement
“zeroing” practice by the US

3. TRADE DEFENCE MEASURES
subsidies
GATT article XVI
the CP granting a subsidy must notify and negotiate if there is serious injury
Agreement on subsidies :
definition of subsidy
benefit
specificity

4. TRADE DEFENCE MEASURES
3 forms of subsidy :
prohibited
actionable
non actionable
- possibility to levy countervailing duties

5. TRADE DEFENCE MEASURES
safeguard measures
GATT article XIX
serious injury
unforeseen development + result of GATT obligation
causal link
- CP can suspend or modify the concession