1. The Fur Trade and Colonial Era
c – c. 1870

2. The Assiniboine The “Nakota” Fur Trade
Came from the Dakotas to hunt
Spoke a Sioux language
Fur Trade
Men: Guides, interpreters, traders
Women: Made clothing and snowshoes
Most have left for Alberta and Montana

3. The Cree Origins Bison hunters Intermarried with fur traders
May descend from Selkirk Culture
Many divisions of the Cree
Plains, Swampy, James Bay, etc.
Bison hunters
Intermarried with fur traders

4. The Ojibway
Came to St. Clements from Sault Ste. Marie in mid- 18th century
Called Saulteaux (“people who jump the rapids”)
Intermarried with fur traders

5. Plains Tribes Culture Naturalistic religion War was very important
Believed in the Creator
Believed spirits were in nature
Sought experiences of interaction with spirits
War was very important
Glory
Revenge
Plunder

6. Politics Assiniboine-Cree-Saulteaux Alliance
Controlled access to European goods
Controlled gun supply
Monopoly challenged by 1800
Smallpox Epidemic of
Almost wiped out the Assiniboines

7. Chief Peguis (c.1774–1864) French voyageur father, Saulteaux mother
Sault Ste. Marie  Netley Creek in 1790s
“Death River”
Befriended Selkirk Settlers

8. The Selkirk Treaty of 1817
Map of lands covered by the Selkirk Treaty

9. The Selkirk Treaty of 1817
Map of lands covered by the Selkirk Treaty

10. The Selkirk Treaty of 1817
“THIS INDENTURE Witnesseth that for and in consideration of the annual present or quit rent hereinafter mentioned, the said Chiefs have given, granted and confirmed, and do, by these presents, give, grant and confirm unto our Sovereign Lord the King all that tract of land adjacent to Red River and Ossiniboyne River, beginning at the mouth of Red River and extending along same as far as Great Forks at the mouth of Red Lake River, and along Ossiniboyne River, otherwise called Riviere des Champignons, and extending to the distance of six miles from Fort Douglas on every side . . .”

11. Rev. William Cockran
Cockran believed working for
Rev. William Cockran
“. . . the cordial, and legitimate union of Civilisation and Christianity; upon the Indian Race. The former the Physician of the body; the latter the Physician of the soul. Both the free gift of God to man.”

12. St. Peter’s Settlement
Cockran convinced Peguis to settle at St. Peter’s in 1833
Joseph and Catherine Cook, schoolteachers
First windmill in 1835

13. Progress of the Village

14. Progress of the Village
Not St. Peter’s windmill (?)

15. St. Peter’s Dynevor St. Peter’s Dynevor Anglican Church (1852-57)
Peguis became a Christian in 1840
William and Victoria King
Children called “Prince”

16. Slides by
RedRiverNorthHeritage.com