1. Food Systems for Food Security On-Farm Supply Issues
Hans H. Stein
University of Illinois

2. Current Research Energy and nutrient digestibility in pigs
Amino Acids
Minerals
Lipids
Carbohydrates (starch and fiber)
Use of pigs as models for humans
Amino acids
Energy and fiber

4. Ileal AA Digestibility

5. Amino Acid Nutrition in Humans
H. H. Stein

6. Human Malnutrition Marasmus Kwashiorkior Goiter Anemia
Energy and protein deficiency
Kwashiorkior
Deficiency of protein (quality or quantity)
Goiter
Iodine deficiency
Anemia
Deficiency of iron, vit. B12, or folic acid

7. Kwashiorkor

8. Preparation of Casava

9. Nutritional Value of Casava
H. H. Stein

10. Kwashiorkor

11. Protein Requirements Is a requirement for indispensable AA
AA are needed for maintenance, growth, and milk protein synthesis
Greatest requirement (as % of diet) in children, teenagers, and pregnant and lactating women
No storage of excess AA – needed every day

12. Liebig’s Barrel

13. AA intake of 8 year old boy
100 g rice + 55 g beans
H. H. Stein

14. AA intake of 8 year old boy - 100 g rice + 55 g soy flour
H. H. Stein

15. H. H. Stein

16. Digestible Indispensable Amino Acids Scores (DIAAS)
DIAAS values indicate the first limiting AA in Food Proteins
H. H. Stein

17. First Peer Reviewed Publication

18. First Peer Reviewed Publication

19. DIAAS in Cereal Grains (> 3 years)
Cervantes-Pahm et al., 2014
H. H. Stein

20. DIAAS in Soy Proteins (> 3 years)
Unpublished, Univ. IL, 2014
H. H. Stein

21. Current and Future Research
DIAAS values in 4 dairy proteins and 4 plant proteins (Ongoing)
Future: DIAAS values in 100 food proteins (in collaboration with 3 other Universities)
Further refinement of systems for AA evaluation in humans

22. Acknowledgement
H. H. Stein