1. Warm-UP The lord’s estate was called:
Castle
Manor
Fief
Home
The code of ________________ was the behavior code a Knight was expected to follow.
Bushido
Chivalry
Conduct
Excommunication
The following system of government was based on the exchange of land for protection and services:
Democracy
Republic
Monarchy
Feudalism
What were the forces holding feudal society together?
Set of mutual social obligations and the teachings of the Church
Loyalty to country and belief in God
Pride in their Roman heritage and a thriving economic system
The code of chivalry, the laws of Rome, and the teachings of the Church

2. Chivalry & The Church

3. Chivalry
The code of Chivalry demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters.
1. Earthly Feudal Lord
2. Heavenly Lord
3. His chosen Lady
The ideal knight was loyal, brave and courteous.
(Often treated the lower class brutally)

4. Knight Training
Sons of nobles began training for knighthood and learning the code of chivalry
Stages of Knighthood training
Age 7- work as a page to another Lord
Age 14 – reached the rank of squire and acted as a servant to a knight
Age 21- full-fledged knight

5. Tournaments
Gained experience by fighting in local wars or tournaments.
Tournaments combined recreation with combat training.

7. Literature of Chivalry
Themes in literature downplayed the brutality of knighthood and feudal warfare
They glorified knighthood and chivalry, tournaments and real battles.
Songs and poems about knight’s undying love for a lady
Epic Poems- recounted a hero’s deeds and adventures

8. Example of a modern Epic

9. Women in Feudal Society
Noblewomen-
Could inherit an estate from her husband
Could send knights to war (w/husbands approval)
Would fight (hurl rocks and fire arrows)
Lives were still limited and confined to activities in the home.
Held little property

10. Peasant Women
Performed endless labor around the home and in the fields.
Bore children / take care of families
Young girls learned household skills from their mother

11. Church Hierarchy Pope Archbishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Priest Priest
Commoner
Commoner
Commoner
Commoner
Commoner
Commoner
Commoner

13. Trouble Ahead: The Emperor vs. the Pope
Began with crowning of Charlemagne
Otto I united Germany and part of Italy into Holy Roman Empire (900’s-1100’s)
Church was not happy with:
German power over Italy
Use of lay investiture: ceremony in which kings and noble appointed church officials
Use of simony: the selling of positions in the church
1075: Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture

14. Henry IV vs. Pope Gregory VII
After Gregory banned lay investiture, Henry ordered him to step down
Gregory then excommunicated Henry
Henry went to Canossa in January 1077 and stood barefoot in the snow for three days to beg Gregory’s forgiveness
The showdown didn’t solve anything
1122: Concordat of Worms: compromise saying Church could appoint Bishops but emperor could veto

15. Church Reforms Popes worked to bring positive change
Curia: papal advisors that acted as a court, developed canon law
Collected tithes: 1/10th of family income; used to care for sick and poor, improve church
Gothic architecture emerged (1100’s): use of light, sculpture, wood carvings, stained glass to inspire worshiper

16. Gothic Architecture: Paris and Belgium

17. Canon Law:
Definition: Canon law is the church law which governs matters such as marriage and religious practices. Courts were established to try people accused of violating canon law.
Punishment #1
Excommunication
Banishment from the Church and denial of salvation.
Punishment #2
Interdict
Withholding sacraments from a kingdom because of a disobedient ruler. This tool was used to force the ruler to give in to the pope in order to keep his people happy.

18. The Great Schism 1305: French pope moved from Rome to Avignon, France
1378: Italian Urban VI chosen; cardinals regretted this and elected Clement VII; now there were two popes
Great Schism: division of the church resulting from having a pope in Avignon and a pope in Rome
Finally forced to resign and a new pope was chosen, but papacy greatly weakened

19. Church Faces Challenges
John Wycliffe: preached Jesus Christ, not pope, was true head of Church. Felt clergy should not own land or wealth; Bible alone was final authority in Christian life. Translated Bible into English.
Jan Hus: Taught authority of Bible was higher than that of the pope. Excommunicated in 1412, burned at stake in 1415.