1. The Circulatory System
The Body’s Transport System

2. The Circulatory System
Consists of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products.
This body system is also known as the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

3. The Circulatory System

4. How the Circulatory System Works
Hormones from glands help regulate cell activity.
Oxygen from the lungs combines with nutrients to provide energy.
Nutrients from the digestive system provide food for the cells.

5. How the Circulatory System Works
Germ fighters (antibodies) from different parts of the body help to fight infection and disease.
Wastes are carried to the liver and kidneys for removal from the body.
Carbon Dioxide, a waste gas, is carried away and delivered to the lungs, which remove it from the body.

6. Parts of the Circulatory System
Heart: your heart pumps blood through two major pathways.
Blood Vessels
Blood
Pulmonary Circulation: the flow blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
Systemic Circulation: is the flow of blood to all the body tissues except the lungs.

8. The Heart Consists of four chambers in which blood flows.
Blood enters the R atrium and passes through the right ventricle.
The R ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated.
The oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary veins which enter the L atrium.
From the L atrium blood flows to the L ventricle.
The L ventricle pumps blood to the aorta which distributes the oxygenated blood throughout the rest of the body.

9. Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary circulation transports oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where blood picks up a new oxygen supply.
Then oxygen rich blood returns to the left atrium.

10. Systemic Circulation
Systemic circulation provides a functional blood supply to all body tissue.
It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells.
It picks up carbon dioxide and waste products.

11. Blood Pressure As blood is moved through your body, it exerts pressure against the walls of blood vessels.
Systolic Pressure: as your heart contracts to push blood into your arteries, your blood pressure is at its highest point.
Diastolic Pressure: As your heart relaxes to refill, blood pressure is at its lowest point.

12. Arteries, Veins, & Capillaries

14. Blood Vessels Over 80,000 miles of blood vessels transport your blood throughout your body. There are 3 types of blood vessels.
Blood Vessels: A network of tubes
Arteries  Arterioles: Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body.
Move away from the heart
Elastic Fibers
Circular Smooth Muscle Tissue

15. Arteries Large vessels
Carry oxygen rich blood, with the exception of pulmonary arteries.
Thick walls are needed to withstand pressure produced when heart pushes blood into them.

16. Blood Vessels Over 80,000 miles of blood vessels transport your blood throughout your body. There are 3 types of blood vessels.
Blood Vessels: A network of tubes
Capillaries: Tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cells, and then back to the veins.
Where gas exchange takes place.
Removal of water, oxygen, glucose.
Entrance of water, CO2, uric acid, lactic acid, urea, and creatinine.
Serves the respiratory system

17. Capillaries Smallest blood vessels
Walls are only one cell thick and very narrow.
Important for bringing nutrients and oxygen to tissues and absorbing CO2 and other waste products.
Diffusion in the form of paracellular transport.

18. Blood Vessels Over 80,000 miles of blood vessels transport your blood throughout your body. There are 3 types of blood vessels.
Blood Vessels: A network of tubes
Veins  Venules: Blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart.
Skeletal Muscles contract to force blood back from legs
One way values prevent backflow
When they break - varicose veins form

19. Veins
Once blood has passed through the capillary systems it must be returned to the heart.
Done by veins
Walls contains connective tissue and smooth muscle.
Largest veins contain one way valves that keep blood flowing toward heart.
Many found near skeletal muscles. When muscles contract, blood is forced through veins.

20. Care of the Circulatory System
Limit fat in your foods.
Get regular physical activity.
Avoid tobacco.
Manage stress.

21. Blood

22. Blood: a mixture of solids in a large amount of liquid called plasma.
Plasma: is about 92% water. It transports blood solids, nutrients, hormones, and other materials.
Red Blood Cells: carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from them.

23. Blood: a mixture of solids in a large amount of liquid called plasma.
White Blood Cells: help fight disease and infection by attacking germs that enter the body.
Platelets: help blood form a clot at the site of a wound. A clot seals a cut and prevents excessive blood loss.

24. Blood Plasma Plasma proteins
Liquid portion of the blood. Contains clotting factors, hormones, antibodies, dissolved gases, nutrients and waste
Straw colored
90% water
10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, wastes, and proteins.
Plasma proteins
3 Types: Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.
Albumins and Globulins- transport substances such as fatty acids, hormones and vitamins.
Fibrinogen- Responsible for blood’s ability to clot

25. Blood Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes Carry hemoglobin and oxygen.
Do not have a nucleus and live only about 120 days.
Can not repair themselves.
Most numerous type
Transport oxygen
Get color from hemoglobin
Disk shaped
Made in red bone marrow

26. Blood White Blood Cells Leukocytes
Five types: neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes.
Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria
Number of WBC’s increases when body is fighting
Lymphocytes produce antibodies which fight pathogens and remember them

28. Blood Platelets Thrombocytes
These are cell fragment that are formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes.
Clot Blood by sticking together – via protein fibers called fibrin.
Stick to edges of broken blood cell and secrete clotting factor to help form clot.

29. Diseases & Disorders of the Circulatory System
Hemophilia
Genetic disorder that disrupts clotting
Bleeder’s disease, due to lack of fibrinogen in thrombocytes
People must be very careful to avoid injury
Can be treated by injecting extracts that contain the missing clotting factor.

30. Diseases & Disorders of the Circulatory System
Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is consistently higher than normal, which can lead to heart attack, stroke, or kidney failure.
Stroke usually results from blood clots that block vessels in the brain, or from the rupture of a blood vessel.

31. Diseases & Disorders of the Circulatory System
Anemia is an abnormally low level of hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen in red blood cells.
Leukemia is a disease in which extra white blood cells are produced.
Heart Murmur is an abnormal heart beat, caused by valve problems
Myocardial Infarction: blood vessels around the heart become blocked with plaque, also called heart attack