1. Ancient Egypt
Objective 2.1- Objective 2.1- Compare how different geographical issues of the ancient period influenced settlement, trading, networks, and the sustainability of various ancient Civilizations

2. Life in Ancient Egypt Life centered around the Nile river
Yearly floods brought nutrients to the soil
The river was a main route of travel

3. “Egypt is the gift of the Nile” -Herodotus3

4. Egyptian Timeline Old Kingdom (2700-2150) Middle Kingdom (2040-1786)
Hieroglyphics and religion develop in Egypt
pyramids built
Middle Kingdom ( )
extension of Egyptian control into Nubia
New Kingdom ( )
militaristic - Hebrews enslaved
mummification perfected 4

5. Social Pyramid of Egypt
Pharaoh- Egyptian King
Upper Class
Royal Family, Government Officials, Army Officers, Priests, Landowners, and Doctors
Middle Class
Merchants, Manufacturers, and Artisans or skilled laborers
Lower Class
Unskilled Laborers and Farmers
Slaves and Servants

6. The Pharaoh God-King - unlike Mesopotamia
Pharaoh’s cities did not have walls-unlike Mesopotamia
Religious significance
direct descendant of the Sun god
controls access to the afterlife
July-Sept, during floods life is controlled by the Pharaoh
365 day calendar. 6

7. IV. Farmers in Egypt 7

8. Egyptian Religion Polytheism Death and Funerals EXAMPLES About 2000
gods & goddesses
EXAMPLES
Amon-Ra (Creator God)
Osiris (God of the Dead)
Horis (Sky God)
Death and Funerals
Embalming and Burial Tombs

9. Ka, Ba, Akh
Egyptians believed that humans possessed a ka, or life-force, which left the body at the point of death. In life, the ka received its sustenance from food and drink. Each person also had a ba, the set of spiritual characteristics unique to each individual.[30] Unlike the ka, the ba remained attached to the body after death. Egyptian funeral rituals were intended to release the ba from the body so that it could move freely, and to rejoin it with the ka so that it could live on as an akh. However, it was also important that the body of the deceased be preserved, as the Egyptians believed that the ba returned to its body each night to receive new life, before emerging in the morning as an akh.

10. Egypt’s Economy Pharaoh was at the center of the economy
Based upon Agriculture
Pharaoh took taxes on the crops that were grown, and goods that were made
Goods were “bartered” or traded for other needed goods

11. A System of Writing Hieroglyphics
Used to keep records Language is written without letters
Scribes
Record keepers
Original Accountants
Papyrus
Paper made from plants
Rosetta Stone
Transcribed Hieroglyphics, Greek, and Demotic

12. Building the Pyramids Built as tombs for the Pharaohs Afterlife
Housed everything needed for the Paraoh
Khufu’s pyramid
Total number of blocks
2,300,000
One block’s average weight
2.5 tons
Number of blocks added each day
285
Tall as a 45 story building

13. Daily Life in Egypt
Cosmetics, cleanliness (bath 3 times a day), shaved bodies, wigs
main food is beer and bread
Grow many crops: emmer, barley, flax, lentils, onion, beans, and millet
common building made of sun-dried mud bricks - up to three stories in height
Four social classes - slaves on the bottom
Most common job … farming 13

14. End of Ancient Egypt The Egyptian Civilization lasted over 2000 years.
After 1100 B.C. the civilization declined.
Eventually The Greeks would conquer under the leadership of Alexander the Great.