1. Interleukin-3 and human trophoblast: in vitro explanations for the effect of interleukin in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome 
Nicoletta Di Simone, M.D., Dario Caliandro, M.D., Roberta Castellani, Sergio Ferrazzani, M.D., Alessandro Caruso, M.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 73, Issue 6, Pages (June 2000)
DOI: /S (00)

2. Figure 1
IgG (60 μg/mL) binding to trophoblast cells in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (no. 1 □; no. 2 ) and in control patients (no. 3 ■; no. 4 ). Data are means ± SD of five experiments. Significance versus IgG obtained from control patients: ∗P<.000.
Di Simone. Interleuken-3 and human trophoblast. Fertil Steril 2000.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /S (00) )

3. Figure 2
Matrigel invasion by trophoblast cells. Results were calculated as means ± SD of five experiments and expressed as percentage of the invasion index of controls (untreated cells). IgG (60 μg/mL) from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (N.1, N.2) significantly inhibited trophoblast invasiveness (∗P<.01). IL-3 (10 pg/mL) restored trophoblast invasiveness (†P<.005). No effect of IgG from normal subjects (N.3 and N.4) on the invasion index was observed. IL-3 starting from 100 pg/mL increased trophoblast invasiveness (‡P<.005).
Di Simone. Interleuken-3 and human trophoblast. Fertil Steril 2000.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /S (00) )

4. Figure 3
In vitro differentiation of primary cytotrophoblast cells at 36 hours of culture. Percoll gradient–purified cytotrophoblast cells were cultured, fixed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The micrograph shows that some of the aggregated cells do not have intervening plasma membranes, indicating that fusion was either complete or close to being complete (original magnification, ×100).
Di Simone. Interleuken-3 and human trophoblast. Fertil Steril 2000.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /S (00) )

5. Figure 4
Correlation between hCG secretion and percentage of aggregated cells without intervening plasma membranes. A positive correlation is observed (P<.0001; r=0.386).
Di Simone. Interleuken-3 and human trophoblast. Fertil Steril 2000.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /S (00) )