1. Chapter 22 Socratic Seminar
Please put your phone in the hotel and get ready to review for the Socratic Seminar

2. Ch. 22 Essential Questions
In what ways did the colonial experience and the struggle for independence shape political, social, cultural, and economic structures of developing countries in the second half of the 20th century?
How would you compare the historical experiences of India and China in the 20th century?
From the viewpoint of the early 21st century, to what extent have the goals of the nationalist or independence movements achieved?

3. HTS Comparison – Nationalist Independence Movements, Ideologies, Leaders
Ideology
Leader
India
Indonesia
Vietnam
China
Religion: Hinduism & Islam
Religion: Islam
Marxism
Gandhi, Nehru
Sukarno
Ho Chi Minh
Class Discussion

4. Mahatma Gandhi OPTIC
O – Gandhi is seated, wearing traditional clothes, reading in a simple room with a spinning wheel.
P – There is a spinning wheel in the foreground and there are rugs on the floor. Gandhi is wearing a dhoti and he is reading. There is a little table to his left in the right foreground and a shelf in the background.
T – Mohandas Gandhi was a symbol of Indian independence.
I – All the pieces in the photo are symbolic. The spinning wheel represents the cloth industry; the dhoti and the sparse furnishings represent going back to traditional roots. The book represents Gandhi’s educational background.
C –This is a carefully staged photograph meant to evoke national pride. This very high-class, Western-educated man has left his Western trappings behind to become a very traditional Hindu.

5. HTS Comparison – “South Africa after Apartheid”
Similarities
Differences
The former Cape Province is just divided into three parts.
Orange Free State was merely renamed.
Natal was merely renamed.
There are no more Bantustans.
There are more provinces.
The provinces are smaller.

6. Changes and Continuities in women’s lives resulted from the Iranian Revolution
Wearing of the hijab
Legal marriage age of women was reduced from eighteen to as young as nine
No right to divorce
Married women could not attend school.
The right to vote remained
Opportunities in higher education and employment remained.

7. Ch. 22 Essential Questions
In what ways did the colonial experience and the struggle for independence shape political, social, cultural, and economic structures of developing countries in the second half of the 20th century?
How would you compare the historical experiences of India and China in the 20th century?
From the viewpoint of the early 21st century, to what extent have the goals of the nationalist or independence movements achieved?