1. Late 19th Century Women’s Experiences, Rise of Feminism, & The Jewish Experience

2. At the middle of the 19th century, virtually all European women faced social and legal disabilities in 3 areas: 1 – property rights 2 – family law 3 – educational barriers By the close of the century there had been some improvement in each area.

3. I. Property
Married women could not own property, no matter their______________.
Had no independent standing before the ________
Britain – Married Women’s Property Act allowed
France
Germany

4. II. Family Law
Legal codes required
Divorces
Children

5. III. Educational Barriers
Less access than
Limited
Those who “made it”

6. IV. Generalities Women continued to earn Most working women were
Marriage/pregnancy
Employers preferred

7. V. Women of the Middle Class
Consumerism
“Cult of Domesticity”
Religious Duties
Children

8. VI. Lower/Working Class Women
If married….
If single or widowed
Prostitution

9. VII. Political Feminism
John Stuart Mill founded
Asks: “What are the differences b/t men and women”?
2. Mary Wollstoncraft

10. VIII. Problems Facing Early Feminists
Millicent Fawcett: Peaceful Emmeline Pankhurst: Grew more violent --suffragettes

11. IX. Jewish Emancipation