1. Coloring the Periodic Table Families
You need 11 different colors

2. Families on the Periodic Table
Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family
react differently with
other elements.
The horizontal rows are
called periods and are
labeled from 1 to 7.
The vertical columns are called groups or families and are labeled from 1 to 18.

4. Properties of Metals
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals are shiny.
Metals are ductile (can be stretched into thin wires).
Metals are malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets).
A chemical property of metal is its reaction with water which results in corrosion.

5. Properties of Non-Metals
Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-metals are not ductile or malleable.
Solid non-metals are brittle and break easily.
They are dull.
Many non-metals are gases.
Sulfur

6. Properties of Metalloids
Metalloids (metal-like) have properties of both metals and non-metals.
They are solids that can be shiny or dull.
They conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals.
They are ductile and malleable.
Silicon

8. have the same number of
electron orbits.

9. Starting with HYDROGEN!
Let’s look at the characteristics of each FAMILY on the periodic table
Starting with HYDROGEN!

10. Hydrogen Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own.
Hydrogen is a diatomic, flammable gas.
Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg.
Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles
color hydrogen color 1

11. ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal
1 electron in the outer shell
Soft and silvery metals
Very reactive, esp. with water
Conduct electricity
Color the rest of this group color 2

12. Alkali Metals
1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen.
Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt).
Soft enough to cut with a butter knife

13. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 2 electrons in the outer shell
White and malleable
Reactive, but less than Alkali metals
Conduct electricity
Color the Alkaline Earth Metals color 3

14. Alkaline Earth Metals Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2)
Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature.
Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca

15. TRANSITION METALS Groups 3-12 Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Some are used for jewelry.
The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
Color Transition Metals color 4

16. Transition Metals Elements in groups 3-12 Less reactive harder metals
Includes metals used in jewelry and construction.
Metals used “as metal.”

17. BORON FAMILY Group 13 3 Valence electrons (in the outer shell)
Most are metals
Boron is a metalloid
Color Boron Family color 5

18. Boron Family Elements in group 13
Aluminum metal was once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”

19. CARBON FAMILY Group 14 4 electrons in the outer shell
Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)
Color Carbon Family with color 6

20. Carbon Family Elements in group 14
Contains elements important to life and computers.
Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry.
Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.

21. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15 5 electrons in the outer shell
Can share electrons to form compounds
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
Color the nitrogen family with color 7

22. Nitrogen Family Elements in group 15
Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere.
Nitrogen and phosphorus are both important in living things.
Most of the world’s nitrogen is not available to living things.
The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.

23. OXYGEN FAMILY or Chalcogens
Group 16
6 electrons in the outer shell
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
Reactive
Color the Oxygen family with color 8

24. Halogens Group 17 7 electrons in the outer shell All are non-metals
Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1
Sometimes called “salt-formers”
Color the Halogen group with color 9

25. Halogens Elements in group 17
Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals
Always found combined with other element in nature .
Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.

26. Noble Gases Group 18 Exist as gases Non-metals
8 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with other elements
Color the noble gases with color 10

27. The Noble Gases Elements in group 18 VERY unreactive, monatomic gases
Used in lighted “neon” signs
Used in blimps to fix the Hindenberg problem.
Have a full valence shell.

28. Oxygen Family or Chalcogens
Elements in group 16
Oxygen is necessary for respiration.
Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

29. Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive
The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
Conduct electricity
Color Rare Earth Metals with color 11

30. Rare Earth Elements
The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series.
One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are called trans-uranium, which means synthetic or man-made.

31. Warm up Mystery element – who am I? Pick one or both!
#1 I have 3 valence electrons and I am part of the Boron Group. My mass number is 70.
#2 I am a gas at room temperature, and I am a member of the Halogen family! I have just 10 neutrons.

32. Warm up
Why do the elements in groups 15, 16, and 17 tend to form anions instead of cations?