1. Chemical Formulas-Ionic
Chapter 6 Sections 1-4

2. Classifying Elements-Metals
Are located to the left side of the staircase line on the periodic table
Display the following properties
Malleability
Luster
Ductility
Conduct heat
Conduct electricity
Tend to lose electrons to form positive

3. Classifying Elements-Nonmetals
Are located to the right of the staircase line on the periodic table
Display the following properties
Soft and brittle
Have an odor
Do not Conduct heat or electricity
Many are gases at room temperature
Tend to GAIN electrons and form negative ions

4. Classifying Elements-Metalloids
Are the elements directly touching the staircase line of the periodic table.
Exhibit both properties of metals and nonmetals
May form either positive or negative ions
Generally, the elements at the top of the periodic table make positive ions and those at the bottom form negative ions

5. Periodic Table colored to show metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

6. Ions An ion is an atom with a charge-either positive or negative
Positive ions are called CATIONS. They have lost electrons.
Negative ions are ANIONS. They have gained electrons.
A polyatomic ion has more than one atom attached with the charge.

7. Oxidation Number
The charge and the number that represents the number of electrons lost or gained.
This is a cation with 1 missing electron.
This is an anion with 1 extra electron

8. Binary vs. Ternary
The prefix “bi” means two. Binary compounds have only TWO elements in their formula.
Ternary compounds have three elements in their chemical formula.

9. Name: Calcium Phosphate
Formula
A Formula is a shorthand way to represent a chemical compound using symbols and numbers.
Phosphate ion made up of 1 phosphorous and 4 oxygen atoms
Name: Calcium Phosphate
Ca3(PO4)2
2 Phosphate ions
Calcium symbol
A Subscript: 3 Calcium ions

10. In the Real World
Follow the link to learn the formulas for our gemstones.

11. Formulas Easily written
The sum of the positive charges and the negative charges must add up to be zero!
Subscripts will be used to multiply charges if needed
You will sometimes use parentheses with polyatomic ions.
The “criss-cross” method will help check your work

12. Criss-Cross Method
Mg3P2

13. Naming Ionic Compounds
The positive ion name is the name of its element
The negative portion will have a special ending
Single atom ion will end in
-ide
Polyatomic ions end in either
-ate
-ite

14. Roman Numerals/Stock System
Many of the transition metals are troublesome because they can have more than one oxidation number
Iron can be Fe+3 or Fe+2
Copper might be Cu+1 or Cu+2
We indicate which form of the metal we used by a roman numeral:
Iron(III) is Fe?
Cu+2 is Copper(?)

15. Practice
This unit absolutely requires that you practice using the naming rules!
That’s why there are several labs and worksheets
This item also appears on the TAKS test, so I don’t want you to just learn it for the test and forget the information!