1. 19th October 2004 Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers New Delhi
Automobile Industry’s Views for Control of Emissions from Mobile Sources
19th October 2004
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
New Delhi

2. About SIAM Representing 36 vehicle & vehicular engine manufacturers
Sustainable growth & development of automotive industry
Focus on technology : environmental and safety
Dissemination of information - publications, conferences
Channel of communication
SIAM is the apex industry body representing 35 leading vehicle and vehicular engine manufacturers
SIAM’s principal focus has been on technology with emphasis on environmental and safety aspects
It is committed to playing proactive role on all issues to promote sustainable development of the automotive industry
It is the most important channel of communication for the automobile industry with Government, national and international organisations
Dissemination of information - various publications, reports on production & sales, organising conferences
SIAM 2

3. Action Plans of State Governments
Several Recommendations for Transport Sector
Mainly focusing on:
CNG
LPG
New Vehicles
Need to address emission contribution from other sources
Industry
Transport
Others (Domestic/ Road Dust)
Each Sector to have Target and Plans
SIAM 3

4. Integrated Approach for Transport Sector
Air Pollution is a very Complex Problem.
Need for an Integrated approach
New Vehicle Emission Standards
Alternative Fuel
Traffic Management
Fuel Quality
In-Use Vehicle Emission Management
SIAM 4

5. Tightening of Emission Standards
89% - New Cars
CO+HC+NOx (g/km)
62% PM Emissions
72% New Diesel Vehicles
CO+HC+NOx +PM (g/kWh)
PM (g/km)
90% - New 2-W
CO+HC+NOx (g/km)
SIAM 5

6. Commensurate Fuel Quality to be made available
Emission Roadmap
01 April, 2010
01 April , 2005
01 April, 2005
Commercial Vehicles
Passenger Cars
Bharat Stage IV
(11 Metros)*
Bharat Stage III
(Entire Country)*
(11 Metros)
Bharat Stage II
(Entire Country)
Vehicle Category
11 Metros: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur, Agra
* To be reviewed in 2006
Commensurate Fuel Quality to be made available
SIAM 6

7. New Light Duty Vehicle Emissions Standards in Asia
SIAM
Source: ADB

8. In-Use S.I. Vehicle Emission Norms (w.e.f. 1st Oct ’04)
Pre April 2000 vehicles
Post April 2000 vehicles
Category of Vehicles
No.
CO (%)
HC (PPM)
CO (%)
HC (PPM)
01.
2 Stroke 2&3 Wheelers
4.5
9,000
3.5
6,000
02.
4 Stroke 2&3 Wheelers
4.5
9,000
3.5
4,500
03.
BS-II Passenger Cars/ CNG/ LPG with closed loop 3- way Catalytic Converter
3.0 -
0.5
750
4-wheeler Vehicles (Petrol/ CNG/ LPG)
3.0
04. -
3.0
1,500
SIAM 8

9. New Checking Process for Diesel vehicles
Measurement of
Free Acceleration Smoke
Smoke Density- 65 HSU or K (1/m) = 2.45
Engine oil temperature
Test cannot commence unless the specified Temperature is reached – 60OC
RPM
Checked each time the accelerator is pressed
To ensure repeatability of the Test
Do not delay Introduction: Existing equipment can be used for some categories of vehicles
SIAM 9

10. Considerations for using Alternative Fuel
Availability of the fuel
Infrastructure for handling and distribution
Safety considerations
Cost of fuel
Cost of vehicle
Operating range
There should be an optimal mix for use of Alternative Fuel
SIAM 10

11. Traffic Management INCREASE TRAVEL EFFICIENCY
Traffic Signals
Intersection Improvements
Traffic Management
Bus Priorities
Pedestrian Priorities
Road Construction
Rail Construction
Flexi-time Planning
Driver Training
Landscape Additions
Land Use Redistribution
Impact much more than change in Fuel
SIAM 11

12. Initiatives by Industry
Meet Stringent New Vehicle Emission requirement
Supported development of Fuel Testing Laboratory
Future Technologies
Hydrogen Vehicles
Training/ Awareness Programmes
Organised Free I&M Camps
Pollution Checking process
Integrated Approach to Vehicular Pollution Control
Driver Training
Safety Awareness
Traffic Management
Inspection and Maintenance of Vehicles
Vehicle Retirement Policies
SIAM 12

13. Initiatives by Industry
Introduced the concept of Computerised Emission Check System
Model PUC Centres
Need for greater monitoring and enforcement
Efforts to be made in collating and analysis of data
Networking would be an effective step
Third party audit
SIAM 13

14. Increased Role of Pollution Control Boards
Need for good source apportionment studies in India
Need for Health Studies
Uniform regulations across the country
Results optimisation
Uniformity of understanding in all states
Greater scope for exchange of best practices
Active role to be played by PCBs for addressing issues of in-use vehicle management
Audit of the Centres (eg.: WBPCB)
Devise Policies for Modernisation of Vehicle Fleet
Discourage Old Polluting Vehicles
All policies to be based on Air Quality Requirements
Pollution Control Board to lead the discussions on future emission norms in the country
Specify norms not Technology
SIAM 14

15. Diesel Vehicle !!!
Delhi Estimates
SIAM 15

16. I-Industrial, R-Residential
Air Quality Trends I I R R I
It has been mentioned by certain groups that NOx level and the level of some other pollutants have gone up at the ITO crossing.
On analysis of the data obtained from CPCB, we find that, while the figures for ITO crossing show high trend, that for the average of 6 other intersections are not showing such high values.
This leads us to believe that ITO crossing may have been impacted by other possible polluting sources which are not present in 6 other intersections. R I R
I-Industrial, R-Residential
Source: CPCB 16
SIAM

17. Focus on Transport Sector Vehicle Population
2004 Data 17
SIAM

18. Percentage Contribution by Various Vehicle Categories
NOx PM CO HC
It is also seen that all segments of the automobiles plying on the roads have some contribution or other of the total pollution load. Therefore, it emerges that every vehicle type, whether it is petrol or diesel or CNG or for that matter bus, truck, car or 2-3 wheeler, each has its own typical pollutants.
Therefore, it is a choice for the authorities to tackle on a priority basis, each pollutant which have higher adverse impact on health of the people and which can be dealt with in a cost effective manner.
Calculations based on Vehicle data from Transport Department
Emission Factors from CPCB report & data generated by Vehicle Manufacturers
(Estimates for year 2004) 18
SIAM

19. Emission Load in Delhi from Power Plants vis-à-vis Automobiles
Tons Per Day
NOx
SO2 PM
Badarpur
130.00
105.00
35.00
Indraprastha
25.00
8.00
Rajghat
15.00
20.00
5.00
Pragati
7.57 -
IP Gas Turbine
2.06
Total (year 2004)
179.63
150.00
48.00
Automobiles
SIAM Calculations (year 2004)
120 20 25
CRRI Study (year 2002)
110 NA 13
Let us study the impact of power-stations vis-à-vis automobile pollution
load as these are the only two sectors for which we could access
contemporary data.
It is seen from these slides, that considering only the 2 sectors i.e.
automobiles and the power sector, both the NOx and PM loadings of
automobiles are below 50% of the total contributed by these two.
This factor may have an overbearing effect on the typical air quality
pattern at the ITO intersection.
The variation in SIAM estimates & the CRRI study could possibly be due
to actual vehicle count undertaken by CRRI while SIAM calculation is
based on the 2004 registration data available from Transport Department.
CRRI has used vehicle population data up to year
Calculations based on Vehicle data from Transport Department
Emission Factors from CPCB Report & Data generated by vehicle manufacturers
Power Plant data from Ohio Supercomputer Centre Study (2003 Report) & Pragati Power Stationc 19
SIAM

20. In-Use Vehicle Management
Contribution to Emission Load by Vintage in Percentage for all Vehicles
Source: Vehicle Data- Transport Department
Emission Factors- CPCB Report & Vehicle Manufacturers
Need to focus more on
In-Use Vehicle Management 20
SIAM

21. SIAM will be privileged not only to be a catalyst but also work in partnership with State Governments to achieve their goals of Air Quality
SIAM 21

22. Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
Thank You!
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
Core 4B, 5th Floor, India Habitat Centre
Lodi Road, New Delhi –
Tel: /11/12
Fax: