1. Elite-level Chinese Domestic Politics and the Issue of Japan

2. The Structure of Chinese Political Institutions
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
Institution of the State
National People’s Congress (NPC)
People’s Political Consultative Conference (PPCC)

3. Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Has had no supreme leader since the death of Deng Xiaoping
Communist Party’s Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) is made up of seven men which form a collective leadership

4. Current Politburo Standing Committee

5. People’s Liberation Army
Not a national army belonging to the state, but an armed wing of the CCP
People’s Armed Police and other internal security forces
People’s Liberation Army

6. Institution of the State
Entrusted to implement
policies and day-to-day
administration of the
country
Headed by the State
Council, including State’s
ministries and
commissions and
layers of “people’s
governments”
Hierarchy of the State

7. National People’s Congress
In theory is supposed to oversee the State Council, the Presidency, the Supreme People’s Court, the public prosecutors’ office and the military
NPC

8. Organization of the National People’s Congress (NPC)

9. People’s Political Consultative Committee
Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee
Eight minority political parties known as the “democratic parties”

10. CCP Control: People’s Liberation Army
Heavy emphasis on political indoctrination
“Loyalty to the Party” above all else
General Political Department (GDP)
Almost all PLA officers are Party members
Only two uniformed officers serve on the Politburo and none on the Politburo Standing Committee

11. CCP Control: National People’s Congress
NPC supposed to be highest organ of state power but…
Is controlled by the CCP and is unable to exercise much oversight of the institutions officially under its supervision

12. CCP Control: People’s Political Consultative Conference
Party and State are supposed to “consult” with the PPCC on policy issues
All members of the “democratic parties” pledge loyalty to the CCP and accept its leadership

13. Problems and Difficulties: Competition
Fierce competition at every level of the system
The Politburo Standing Committee, the 25 member Politburo, among ministries, between ministries and provincial governments, among provinces, among headquarters of departments and service branches of the military

14. Problems and Difficulties: Stove-piping
Individual ministries and other hierarchies share information up and down the chain of command but not horizontally with each other
Leading Small Groups unwillingness to get involved in the forcing of day-to-day coordination of the agencies they oversee

15. Problems and Difficulties: Unproductive Competition
Overlapping of jurisdictions between different government entities
Government restructuring in March 2013
Still problems exist (ex. State Oceanic Administration)

16. Problems and Difficulties: Bureaucratic Rank
System identifies relative importance of people, official agencies, state-owned corporations, geographic units (even academics)
Major reason behind difficulty in inter-agency coordination and frequently undermines lines of authority

17. Domestic Politics and Japan
Resisting Japan is a major theme in CCP leadership legitimacy since it was formed in 1921
Originally used by the Guomindang (GMD) party, but later this was turned against them by the CCP
Theme in Chinese politics: using resistance against Japan to bolster popular sentiment, legitimize CCP rule, and to get rid of rivals

18. Domestic Politics and Japan
Using traumatic events to sway popular sentiment
Ability to reign in anti-Japanese propaganda when foreign policy required
Using to remove political rivals
Liu Shaoqi
Hu Yaobang
Liu Shaoqi
Hu Yaobang