1. THE COLD WAR BEGINS

2. THE COLD WAR vs. United States Soviet Union Democracy Communism
The era of confrontation and competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union when the threat of nuclear war created constant world tension
United States
Soviet Union
vs.
Democracy
Communism

3. Differing Philosophies
Believed in democratic forms of government
Believed economic stability would keep peace in the word
Believed the free enterprise system was necessary for economic growth
Believed in a communistic form of government
Believed in workers revolting (striking) against business owners and taking control of government
Wanted to control countries between Russia and Germany

4. Soviet troops move into Germany near the end of World War II
Soviets take over Eastern Europe
Soviet troops move into Germany near the end of World War II
As World War II ended, the Soviet army occupied the countries of Eastern Europe that Germany had conquered during the war

5. The Iron Curtain
Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary Bulgaria and East Germany became satellite nations of Soviet Union
“An iron curtain has descended across the Continent”
– Prime Minister Winston Churchill

6. Peep under the Iron curtain March 6, 1946
Who is “Joe”?
What part of Europe is sealed off?
What does the wall symbolize?

7. Truman Doctrine
U.S. foreign policy established by President Truman saying the U.S. would protect democracies throughout the world
“It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures”
-- Harry Truman

8. American tanks provided by the Truman Doctrine roll through Turkey
It pledged that the United States would fight Communism worldwide
Truman Doctrine was an extension to the U.S. foreign policy set forth in the Monroe Doctrine (1823) and the Roosevelt Corollary (1904)
American tanks provided by the Truman Doctrine roll through Turkey

9. Aid for Europe
Secretary of State George Marshall toured Western Europe; witnessed widespread homelessness and famine.
Fearing Europeans would turn to communism as an answer to their economic problems, Marshall proposed the U.S. help to rebuild Europe, leading to…
Children in a London suburb, waiting outside the wreckage of what was their home

10. Marshall Plan
U.S. plan for rebuilding Western Europe, and repelling communism after World War II
Plan pumped billions of dollars into Western Europe for food and supplies
Plan made U.S. heroes to people of Western Europe
George C. Marshall

11. Marshall Plan aids Western Europe
The Marshall Plan proved to be a great success
Within 4 years, countries receiving aid saw a 41% higher industrial production than on the eve of World War II & Countries were stabilized and exports were rising rapidly
Countries receiving aid under Marshall Plan

12. Eastern European countries were offered to take part in the Marshall Plan…
… but Stalin and other East European leaders refused financial help from the United States

13. The Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference was a meeting of the Allied leaders during World War II to decide what to do with Germany

14. Germany Divided
British
After World War II, Germany was divided into four zones, occupied by French, British, American, and Soviet troops.
Soviet
French
Occupation zones after Berlin is the multinational area within the Soviet zone.
American

15. East and West Germany formed East Berlin West Berlin
East Germany
West Germany
In June of 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany.

16. Eventual site of the Berlin Wall
In response, the Soviets cut off West Berlin from the rest of the world with a blockade.
Eventual site of the Berlin Wall

17. Russians wanted to spread communism world-wide
Letter from U.S. diplomat George Kennan that led to the U.S. policy of containment of communism.
Kennan said the Russians were concerned about invasions from the west and wanted a buffer zone
Russians wanted to spread communism world-wide
U.S. should use diplomatic, economic and military actions to keep communism contained

18. At times, over 5,000 tons of supplies arrived daily
Berlin Airlift
President Truman decided to avoid the blockade by flying in food and other supplies to the needy people of West Berlin
At times, over 5,000 tons of supplies arrived daily

19. Berlin Airlift
The airlift continued for 11 months before Stalin finally lifted the blockade
The Berlin Airlift saved the people of West Berlin from falling under Soviet Union control
Soviet blockade of West Germany convinced many Americans that the Soviets were trying to conquer other nations

20. Formed in 1949 to protect Western Europe from Soviet aggression
Birth of NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Formed in 1949 to protect Western Europe from Soviet aggression

21. The Warsaw Pact
Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary Bulgaria and East Germany became satellite nations of Soviet Union
The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Union’s response to the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization