1. Radio
Radio is Everywhere

2. Radio 99% all homes have a radio 95% of cars
40% listen between 6 a.m. & Midnight
7% radios in bathrooms
3,000 stations webcast on Internet

3. Radio Origins 1835 Morse code Voice carried over wire
Simple but effective
Changed America

4. Guglielmo Marconi Italian inventor Get sound to travel through the air
Without wires
1899-American business invest 10 million
Military opportunities to broadcasting
Broadcasting was born

5. What is Broadcasting
Sending a message, entertainment to a large group of people at the same time using particular medium (radio, TV, newspapers, internet, film)
Mass appeal
Accepted by majority
Easy to understand

6. David Sarnoff 1912-21 yr. old Sarnoff
Receives stress call from “Titanic”
Predicts future of radio
President of RCA
Nation’s largest radio distributor

7. Gov’t Regulation Gov’t immediately regulates airwaves Unlike Press
Radio Act of 1912
Needed a license to broadcast

8. RCA Gov’t creates a legal monopoly RCA dominates radio-1919-1940’s
Gov’t Control-let it run an its own
David Sarnoff-Runs it

9. ASCAP American Society of Composers, Authors & Publishers
Sue radio stations for royalties
Less people now buying music-get if for free
Radio-countersues-if we play it- more people will buy it

10. Blanket Licensing Agreement
Radio stations pay ASCAP a yearly fee
Can play all ASCAP artists
Eventually-Broadcast Music Inc.
Also licenses artists - royalties

11. Commercials Sponsors paid for shows Budweiser presents the Dark Shadow
Paid for rights to put name of show
Paid for radio expenses

12. F.C.C. Radio Act of 1927 1934-Federal Communications Commission
Gov’t regulates radio
How and when you can broadcast
Must operate in “public convenience interest or necessity.

13. War of the Worlds October 30, 1938
Orson Wells Radio production of “War of the Worlds”
People believe it is real
Panic, hysteria and impact of radio
Staged?

14. Cars 1948-radios available in cars Transistors-1948-$40.00
Clock Radios-1950’s
million cars have radios
“Drive Time Audience”-audience listening on way to work
6-9 a.m.
4-7 pm.

15. William S. Paley 1929 21 yr. Old Paley Tobacco Millionaire
Creates CBS Radio
Competes with NBC
Good for radio

16. Edward Noble 1941-FCC breaks up NBC Noble-makes Lifesaver candy
Pays 8 Million
Creates ABC
Three major networks

17. TV Challenges Radio TV explodes in the 1950’s
Major stars leave radio-for TV
Bob Hope
Milton Berle
Jackie Gleason
News Programs
Meet the Press

18. Changes in Radio Edwin Armstrong develops FM Frequency Modulation
Stronger signal
Less static
RCA fights Armstrong
Lose listeners to FM
AM-Amplitude Modulation

19. FM Armstrong dies suddenly RCA settles FM born-1960’s
Changes radio forever

20. Disc Jockeys Before 1935 nobody played records
Did not want to pay ASCAP
1940-FCC states-unlimited use of a record
With no additional cost to station

21. New Formats 1940’s all news 1970’s Easy listening Oldies Top 40
1980’s Hispanic

22. “Payola” Alan Freed-DJ-Cleveland Took money to play certain records
1960-FCC bans action
Alan Freed-created term “Rock N’ Roll”
R N R Hall of Fame-Cleveland
Dies broke and drunk

23. Working in Radio 12,000 radio stations in U.S. General Manager
Program Director
On-air personality
Accountants
Traffic people
Production people
administrative
N.P.R. only public radio

24. N.P.R. National Public Radio Created in 1970-FM
Only public radio in country
Alternative to commercial programming

25. Arbitron Ratings Depends on ratings
Cume-average listener over 15 minute period
Rating-% of total population station is reaching
Share-% of people listening to radio-listening to your station
Share-big deal

26. Making Money Listeners = money
More listeners more station charges for a commercial
Many feel minorities, non-english speaking and younger listeners do not respond
News radio-big
Religious
Spanish
Top 40

27. Satellite Radio Pay for it Hundreds of channels Not regulated by FCC
Specific content
Sports
Comedy
Cooking
Music

28. Telecommunications Act of 1996
Allows radio companies to own more than one station
Co’s go crazy
Buy up stations
Infinity-owns majority of stations