1. Municipal Waste Futures Bureau of Waste Management

3. Waste Deposited in 2006 ~ 23.7 million tons Waste Deposited from Pennsylvania - 14.4 million tons Waste Deposited from Out-of-State - 9.2 million tons Municipal Waste Present: 2006

4. Municipal Waste Futures Our thoughts: Minimize the amount of waste disposed Maximize reuse and recycling Drive new technology and concepts Focus first on diverting paper, paperboard and organics from the waste stream Look at what other states are doing

5. Drive new concepts Waste as an energy resource Resource Recovery Landfill Gas to Energy Alternative Fuels – materials diverted from municipal waste stream for beneficial use as fuel

6. Current Status – Resource Recovery Six Operating Facilities 8,000 tons/day in 2005 Southeast and Southcentral PA New Expanded Capacity Harrisburg recently reopened upgraded facility York County considering expansion to meet future demand

7. Future of Resource Recovery Market/Demand for New Capacity Northeast PA? Southwest PA? Opposition to New Facilities Nonattainment Areas in PA EPA New Source Performance Standards

8. Current Status - Landfill Gas 25 Operational Projects 15 Projects generating more than 100 megawatts of electricity 10 projects producing 7,000 Million Standard Cubic feet of methane for direct use 16 Pending Projects

9. Landfill Gas to Energy

10. Future of Landfill Gas Expand existing projects to use 100% of landfill gas generated More direct use or high BTU production (pipeline quality) Leachate Recirculation Anaerobic Digestion

11. Current Status – Alternative Fuels In 2005, Pa used 10.6 million tons of coal refuse 1.26 million tons of alternative fuels 0.70 million tons of wood PA Cement kilns are obtaining 0 to 20% of their energy needs from alternative fuels Two Coal Refuse Plants are burning alternative fuels

12. Current Status – Alternative Fuels Three General Permits are available WMGM027 - organic, non-organic residuals with a BTU value of at least 5000 BTU/lb for use as alternative fuels WMGR038 - Processing waste tires and tire-derived material for fuel and consumer products. WMGR068 - Beneficial use of carbonaceous wastes (petro coke, untreated wood chips and other paper and wood industry wastes) as an alternative fuel for circulating fluidized bed boilers

13. Alternative Fuels Waste tires and wood are the most common alternative fuels Most alternative fuels have less BTUs per cubic foot than coal and require additional storage space Some alternatives fuels should be kept dry

14. Future of Wastes as Alternative Fuels Growing demand and market for alternative fuels Major cement manufacturers have established goals to obtain 15-20% of energy from alternative fuels Some plants in Germany are at 70% Potential new demand for alternative fuels is estimated at greater than 2 million tons Lack of high volume/quality supply Salvaging General Permit

15. Pennsylvania Municipal Waste Composition

16. Potential Supply of Alternative Fuels MaterialTons/YearCost Avoidance (Millions) NonRecyclable Paper 866,990$47 Wood540,611$29 Mixed Paper433,821$23 Rigid Plastic353,108$19 Textiles352,570$19 Carpet163,371$9 Total2,710,000$146

17. Potential Alternative Fuels (Cont.) MaterialTons/YearCost Avoidance (Millions) Cardboard785,032$42 Film Plastic465,586$25 Newspaper389,263$21 Office Paper341,975$18 Magazines251,027$14 Total2,232,983$120

18. RW to Energy Opportunities MaterialTotal Tons/Year Largest Source (Tons/Yr) Paper, Cardboard 49,9608,815 Wood30,1323,757 Plastic24,9322,719 Textiles16,5058,314

19. Potential Markets Cement/Lime Kilns = 12 Waste Coal Fired Power Plants = 15 Existing WTE Facilities = 6 Facilities that burn wood > 14

20. Map of Market for Alternative Fuels

21. Regulatory Status of Alternative Fuels Act 101 Source Separated Recyclable Materials can not be burned Residual Waste used or reused as ingredients in an industrial process to make a product or employed in a particular function or application as an effective substitute for a commercial product is not a waste Coproduct Determination Processed or beneficially used under a General Permit

22. Salvaging Alternative Fuels Collection Know your customers Keep non combustible materials out of waste Provide value added service Salvaging The operator shall salvage and recycle waste materials received at the facility for which recycling is cost effective