2. Practitioners Course Level 2
Diploma in Ayurveda
Practitioners Course
Level 2
Medicine class
30th May 2019

3. Tablets (Guti – Vati)
It is a step ahead dosage form of choorna that has longer shelf life and more efficacy
Easy to carry and consume
Powders of ingredients (herbs/ bhasmas) are mixed with a liquid/ honey and made into tablets.
Standardizing parameters - hardness, friability, disintegration time, Weight consistency
Hardness - resistance to scratch or deformation
Friability -the tendency to chip, crumble or break following compression
Disintegration time – time taken to break into smaller pieced within the body. It has to be low so as to give fast benefit
Weight consistency - to deliver the exact/ even dose

4. Guggulu- preparations with gugul
When gugul is added, they are named as guggulu
Rasa- madhura, katu, tikta, kashaya
Guna- laghu, tikshna, snigdha, pichchila, sukshma, sara
Virya- usna
Vipaka- katu
Dosha karma- tridosha shamaka
Various purification(shodhana) processes have been described to eliminate impurities and to improve bioavailability

5. Guggulu –Commiphora mukul
Guggul is the Niryaas ( exudate) that oozes from the stems or the trunk of the plant Commiphora mukul /wighitii
Abundant in the deserts
The Niryaas melts & comes out during the hot seasons (summers) whereas in the cold environment (winters) it oozes out through the cracks /torn skin trees
Therefore it is collected in both the seasons
There are various types
Kanak Guggul is superior
It has a specific odor
Oily in consistency.
New Guggul is specially used for the preparation of medicines

6. 5 types according to color, 3 are for humans and 2 are in veterinary treatments
Practically 2 types- kana and bhainsa guggul
Popular in treating wide range of disorders including NCDs like obesity, inflammatory conditions, joint pains, arthritis, tumors, coronary diseases, hypertension, liver disorder etc.
Many of the effects have been scientifically proven
Out of all effects, mainly two are highlighted -anti inflammatory and hypolipedemic

7. The active ingredient of gugul is Guggulsterone that has similar effects of steroids.
Administration of raw guggul can cause skin rashes, irregular menstruation, diarrhoea, headache, mild nausea
Very high doses cause liver toxicity
There are many traditional purification processes (Shodhana) to remove unwanted effects of raw guggul
Purification reduces the gastric irritation

8. Purification of gugul Physical matters should be removed
It is dissolved in decoctions while heating. It is filtered through cloth and dried in hot sun. (Chanda Aatapa). Should mix with Ghee to prepare to soft mass.
Guggulu is tied in a cloth and boiled in decoction till maximum portion dissolves. After cooling, the sediment part is to be collected
Fry small pieces of Guggulu in cow’s ghee and dissolved in decoctions in dolayantra
Immerse in Ghee for 7 nights.

9. Decoctions-
guduchi
triphala/dashamoola
panchatikta
nimba patra kwatha (decoction of neem leaves)
haridra swarasa, haridra kwatha (turmeric)
nirgundi patra swarasa, astishrinkala kwatha, vataraktahara dravya (pitta pacifying herbs)
Cow’s Milk
Cow’s urine
Cow’s ghee
Water

10. Properties and indications
Vata shamaka (pacify vata), vedana stapana (alleviates pain)-All kinds of vata disorders
Dipana, pachana, yakrit uttejaka- stimulates liver
Raktashodhana (blood purifier), vrana shodhana, ropana (clears and heals wounds)- all kinds of skin disorders, fistula
Diuretic – UTI, calculi, urine retention, diabetes
Fracture healing property- internally and externally
Arthavajanana- produce periods

11. Yogaraja guggulu It is the king (raja) of yogas (preparations)
29 ingredients including triphala,trikatu, jeera dwaya, ajamoda etc.
All ingredients are powdered and cooked in ghee
Properties- tridoshaghna, rasayana
It is considered as nectar (amruta) to the body as it is a rasayana preparation with many other properties
Indrayav and Ativisha are responsible for Ushna, Teekshna and Sookshma properties
Kutaki & Triphala give anuloman & malabhedan effects

12. The combination of vatashamak dravyas with amapachak ingredients helps the conditions like 'Sama Vata'.
Ginger, long pepper, mustard, asafetida, Ajamoda, sweet flag etc give the agnideepana, amapachana , shoola prashamana and vatanulomana effects
Works very effectively in joint disorders like Sandhigata Vata
Yogaraj Guggul is specially beneficial in case of joint disorders with symptoms of 'Samavastha' of Sandhigata Vata.

13. Dosage and anupana Dosage- 1-2 tablets once or twice a day
Anupana- 11 different anupanas are mentioned in texts
For practical use
luke warm water
garlic + black pepper + fenugreek boiled water
cumin/ nigella seeds boiled water

14. Fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum)
Native to the Mediterranean, India, China, Northern Africa and the Ukraine
widely cultivated in these countries
Morocco, Turkey, India and China are the main producers
Recorded information that dates back to ancient Egypt when it was mentioned as a plant to induce childbirth as well as an embalming agent

15. Synonyms Bahu patrika/ bahuparni- many leaves
Gandha beeja- aromatic seeds
Dipani- kindles digestive power
Bahu beeja- many seeds
Pita beeja- yellow seeds
Rasa- pungent
Guna- light, oily
Virya- hot
Vipaka- pungent
Vata shamaka, kapha nashaka

16. Properties and uses
Anulomana  Redirects flow of apana vata downwards. Good for flatulence and bloating
Baddhavit  - Cures constipation
Balya  Increases strength
Medohara  Regulates fat metabolism
Rasayana  Rejuvenative
Gulma   (phantom) tumor
Arshas  hemorrhoids

17. Ama pachana   Clears toxins from the gut and corrects digestive power
Shukrala    Rejuvenates reproductive system, enhances fertility
Sthanyajanana, garbhashaya vishodhana- enhance breast milk, clears reproductive system (avoid excess during pregnancy specially in the 1st trimester)
Sandhana, shothanashana-  heals broken bones and fractures, cures swellings
Pramehaghna - reduce blood sugar levels. Inhibits carbohydrate and cholesterol absorption. Therefore widely used in cooking specially starchy vegetables

18. Some simple remedies Diabetes, cholesterol, constipation
2 teasp Fenugreek seeds soak in a glass of water over night. Eat the seeds and drink water empty stomach.
Diabetes, cholesterol
1 teasp roasted fenugreek powder as a tea- once a day at any time
Diarrhoea
chew ½ teasp seeds

19. Bloating, flatulence
2 teasp fenugreek seeds, 3 garlic cloves, boil in 1 cup of water for 5-10 minutes.
Breast enlargement- olive oil, fenugreek seeds and nigella seeds
Dandruff- lime and fenugreek boiled mixture
Dry scalp- fenugreek paste (soak overnight and grind)

20. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
Rasa- pungent, bitter, sweet
Guna- light, rough, sharp
Virya- usna
Vipaka- pungent
Doshakarma-
Kaphavatashamaka, pittawardhaka
If sweet- pittashamaka
Component in CHAG, CHBK, CHPK, Surya jam, surya tonic

21. 2 types that make into quill
True cinnamon (Ceylon cinnamon) (Cinnamomum zeylanicum )
Chinese Cassia (cassia) (Cinnamomum aromaticum )
True cinnamon-
Indigenous to Sri Lanka
Thin and soft
Less coumarin content (anticoagulant)
No health risks pitta aggravation
Can use twice more than false cinnamon (false cinnamon- highest dose gm/day. True cinnamon- up to 1 teasp/day

22. Cinnamon oil is extracted from all parts of the tree - bark, leaves, flowers, fruits and roots
Oil for tooth aches- soak a small ball of cotton with cinnamon oil and pushed into tooth cavity
ear aches- use as an ear plug
Put a warm drop of oil into ear (avoid in perforated ear drum)
Good mosquito and insect repellent
Oil burners/ candles
Avoid excess in bleeding disorders

23. Dipana, pachana – due to bitter, pungent tastes and hot potency
Vatanulomana - liquefy and eliminate Kapha due to pungent , bitter tastes and rough, light , hot and penetrating qualities.
Grahi -absorbs remaining kapha
Lekhana (scraping), chedana (cutting), medohara (fat reducing)- obesity, menstrual disorders
Disorders in mouth including toothaches, infections
Urinary disorders
Uterine disorders- specially strengthen uterine muscles

24. Respiratory disorders - Kapha accumulated in respiratory tract causes obstruction to the movement of udanavayu. Obstruction in the rasa channel prevents adequate nutrition of respiratory channel. Tvak removes obstruction in channels by eliminating phlegm.
Cinnamic acid contained in it has an antitubercular activity. Hence, its powder or oil should be used in cough, asthma and tuberculosis

25. Being cardiac stimulant and oja increasing, it can be used in cardiac weakness, blood dyscrasias and infective diseases of the respiratory tract
Blood purifier - It purifies blood due to its bitter taste and nourishes rasa, rakta due to its sweet taste

26. Some research findings..
Lowered blood glucose, reduced food intake, and improved lipid parameters
Effective on urinary-tract infections (Escherichia coli bacteria) and the fungus responsible for vaginal yeast infections (Candida albicans).
One-eighth of a teaspoon of cinnamon triples insulin efficiency
Half teaspoon of cinnamon per day is said to lower cholesterol.
It has an anti-clotting effect on the blood
Arthritis pain
Smelling cinnamon boosts cognitive function and memory.
It is a great source of manganese, fiber, iron, and calcium.

27. Remedies Acidity, heart burn
½ teasp cinnamon powder boil in 1 cup of water for 5 minutes in low flame, strain and drink twice a day
High cholesterol
1 teasp cinnamon powder
1 teasp fenugreek powder (roasted)
Make a tea with 1 cup of boiling water. once a day
Mouth freshener- chew a small piece of cinnamon
Insect bites- apply a paste of cinnamon powder mixed with honey (equal amounts)

28. Pimples-
three tablespoons of honey + 1 teaspoon of cinnamon powder paste.
Nausea and vomiting- keep a small piece of cinnamon in mouth
Excess thirst – ½ teasp cinnamon powder or about 2inch piece of cinnamon
1 cup of water- boiled for 4-5 minutes and sip
Cough, cold and flu-
2 teasp coriander seeds
3-4 slices fresh ginger, ½ teasp cinnamon powder, 2 cups water
boil for 5-8 minutes, drink twice a day after meals

29. Ginger Zingiber officinale
Vishva bheshaja, vishva – universal medicine
Pacify tridosha
Acts on all seven dhatus
Ingredient in CHAG, CHHW, CHPN, CHTL, CHPK, surya jam, soma jam, YRGO, CHGO, surya tonic

30. Pacify vata, increase pitta in excess
Raw ginger
Dry ginger
Synonyms
Ardraka
Shunti, nagara
Rasa
katu
Guna
Guru, tikshna, ruksha
Laghu, snigdha
Virya
hot
Hot (than raw ginger)
vipaka
Sweet
Properties
Pacify vata, increase pitta in excess
Pacify kapha, increase pitta (than raw ginger) & heats the body
Indications
Digestive disorders, cough, cold, nausea, vomiting
Bhedana – can cause diarrhoea, good for constipation
Severe kapha conditions,
Grahi- absorbent/ bowel binding. Good for IBS.

31. Properties and indications
Dipana, pachana- loss of appetite, bloating, nausea, vomiting, distaste in mouth, worm infestations
Vatanulomana (redirects apana vata)- constipation
Kaphaghna (destroys kapha)- all kinds of respiratory disorders, clears voice
Induce sweating- relieves fever
Stimulated heart- chest pain and other heart disorders
Relieves pain(internally and externally) - migraines, abdominal pain, arthritis
Rejuvenatior- all kinds of wasting disorders

32. Scientific evidences Rich in Manganese which is important for bones
Lowers blood sugar levels
Reduces inflammation
Alleviates PMS, acts as ibuprofen
Helps to protect the body against  free-radical damage (anti oxidant)
Reduces nausea post-surgery and in cancer patients on chemo
reduces the day-to-day progression of muscle pain
Effective for osteoarthritis
Reduces cholesterol or blood lipid levels

33. Contraindications Skin conditions specially pitta involves
Bleeding disorders
Gastritis and sensitive stomach
Burning sensation in the body
UTI

34. Cardamom – Queen of spice- Elettaria Cardamomum
Ingredient of CHAG, CHTL, CHBK, CHPK, surya jam, soma jam, RSDT, chyavanaprash, YRGO, CHGO, surya tonic, DAM-D
Two varieties
greater cardamom- Amomum subulatum
lesser cardamom- Elettaria cardamomum
Cardamom reduces the acid in coffee, while neutralizing the effects of caffeine

35. Properties Rasa- pungent, sweet Guna- light, dry Virya – cold
Vipaka- pungent
Effect on dosha- pacify kapha, vata

36. Properties and uses Diuretic- all kinds of disorders in urinary system
Swasa kasahara- respiratory disorders
Kshayahara- wasting disorders specially tuberculosis
Hridya- cardiac tonic. Strengthen cardiac muscles
Rochana- improves taste
Deepana, pachana
Vatahara- alleviates vata- all kinds of vata disorders
Pittahara- alleviates pitta- all types of pitta disorders, gastritis

37. Remedies Bad breath- chew few seeds Indigestion- chew few seeds
UTI/ urine retention- add ½ teasp cardamom powder into 1 glass of warm water and drink 1-2 times a day
Gastritis crushed pods, boil in 1 cup of water for about 5-8 minutes in a closed jar Or
½ teasp powder with 1 teasp ghee or honey
Bloating- hot infusion of 1 teasp of cardamom powder

38. Tamarind- Tamarindus indicus
amla/chincha/ tintidi, dantashata
Rasa- sweet, sour
Guna-heavy, dry
Virya- usna
Vipaka- sour
Effect on dosha- kapha, vata shamaka
Research findings- increases the bio-availability of Aspirin, enhance absorption of Ibuprofen, effects on lipid profile and high blood pressure

39. Raw fruits
nasal bleeding, bleeding PR, heavy menstruation
skin disorders,, abscesses
increase vata, pitta
Half ripen fruits
bowel binding. Good for diarrhoea and IBS
pacify kapha, vata
Ripen fruits
sara- induce mobility. Helps constipation
Improves taste (ruchya) and agni
Clears bladder
Pacify kapha, vata

40. Remedies Spice soup Tamarind drink (tintidika pana)
1-2 tablespoons of pulp, 500 ml water, sugar and salt to taste. Dissolve all and bring up to the taste. Good for indigestion, constipation, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting
Treatment for stye- roast a seed on a pan and crack the seed cover and take the pulp out. Grind with honey and apply on stye