1. Associations between type of MI and incident HF
No MI
Silent MI
Clinical MI
Participants (N)
8607
305
331
Events (N)
818 54
104
IR (1000 P-Y)
7.8
16.2
30.4
Model 1 (HR; 95% CI; P value)
1.00 (Reference)
1.85; ; P<0.001
3.49; ; P<0.001
Model 2 (HR; 95% CI; P value)
1.35; ; P=0.035
2.85; ; P<0.001
Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, and race
Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, race, BMI, smoking status, HR, SBP, use of BP-lowering medications, and DM
MI: myocardial infarction; HF: heart failure; BMI: body mass index; HR: heart rate; SBP; systolic blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; IR: incidence rate; P-Y: person-years
Qureshi WT, et al. JACC 2018;71:1–8