1. Photosynthesis
Chapter 8

2. Photosynthesis
Explain where plants get the energy they need to produce food.
Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy sugars (glucose)

3. Photosynthesis
State the overall equation for photosynthesis

4. Photosynthesis
Describe the structure and function of a chloroplast

5. Photosynthesis
Thylakoids: Small sacs in the chloroplast that contain clusters of chlorophyll and other pigments that absorb sunlight. This is where the light cycle occurs during photosynthesis
Chlorophyll: light absorbing pigments – two main pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b which absorb mostly red and blue spectrum light and reflect green which is why plants look green.
Grana: Stacks of thylakoids
Stroma: The space outside the thylakoids where the dark cycle occurs during photosynthesis

6. Photosynthesis

7. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs inside the chloroplast in two phases
Light Dependent reaction – thylakoid
Traps the sunlight energy into a chemical form
Light Independent reaction (Calvin cycle) – stroma
Uses that chemical energy to produce stable, high energy sugars called glucose using carbon dioxide and water.

8. Photosynthesis
Identify the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
Water availability
Temperature
Light intensity
As the rate of photosynthesis changes the amount of chlorophyll a and b decrease which is why leaves look to us as if they are changing color. They are not actually changing color but the light that is reflected back to us is the reds, orange and yellows from the accessory pigments rather than the green color from chlorophyll a and b.

9. Photosynthesis
During winter, there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis. Therefore, the trees cut off the circulation of water, nutrients and sugar to the leaves.
The green chlorophyll pigment disappears from the leaves leaving the other pigments behind. As the green fades away, we see the yellows, oranges, reds and browns. Small amounts of these colors have been in the leaves all along we just can't see them in the summer, because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll.

10. Photosynthesis

11. Can you label the diagram?