1. Comparison of Major Counselling Approaches
Yvette Zuppiger
2nd Sem MSc Cli. Psychology

2. Major Counselling Approaches
Affective approaches :
Client Centered Therapy
Gestalt Therapy
Existential Therapy
Cognitive Approaches :
Rational Emotive Therapy
Transactional Analysis
Trait-Factor Counselling
Behaviouristic Approaches :
Behavioural Counselling
Reality Therapy

3. View of Human Nature Similarities :
The individual is capable of changing or being changed
Conflicts or unsolved problems are undesirable
Influence of future on present behaviour
Differences :
Client Centered Therapy – individuals are basically good, rational and self actualizing
Behaviouristic Therapy – Humans are neither good nor bad. Behaviour is a result of environmental reinforcement

4. Key Concepts
Affective approaches – Emphasize internal focus of the individual
Client centered therapy views individuals as positive
Gestalt therapy focuses on need to strive for wholeness (integration of thinking, feeling and behaving). Key concept is awareness
Existential therapy focuses on nature of human condition (capacity for self awareness, freedom of choice to decide own fate etc)

5. Cognitive approaches – emphasize thinking process rather than feeling and experiencing
Rational Emotive Therapy emphasizes that emotions are products of human thinking.
Transactional Analysis emphasizes utilization of three distinct pattern of ego states : Parent, Adult and Child.
Behavioural approaches – emphasize socio-cultural conditioning process
Behavioural counselling is characterized by:
Focus on overt behaviour
Precision and spelling out of treatment goals
Objective assessment of outcome of therapy

6. Interesting, right?
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