1. Surgical technique for orthotopic PDAC tumor injection.
Surgical technique for orthotopic PDAC tumor injection. (A) Three surgical incisions (solid red lines) provide exposure to the murine pancreas: left flank incision, midline laparotomy and left subcostal incision. The costal margins are indicated by dashed blue lines. (B) Near-perpendicular needle penetration into the pancreas with midline and left subcostal incisions increases the likelihood of ‘through-and-through’ injuries and spillage of tumor contents. Left-flank incision allows for extracorporealization of the pancreas, providing a superior angle for needle penetration and tumor injection. (C) Carcinomatosis secondary to spillage during injection; the tumor lines the peritoneum and is adhered to the anterior abdominal wall (dashed yellow line). (D) There are two regions (dashed yellow lines) in the body and tail of the pancreas most suitable for injection of malignant cells. Zone 1 is located in the body of the pancreas, superior to large vessels (dashed red lines). Zone 2 is located in the tail of the pancreas, inferior to the large vessels. (E) Representative image of a contained tumor injection (dashed yellow line) after replacement of the spleen and pancreas to their normal anatomic positions. (F) Representative image of orthotopic pancreatic tumor (dashed yellow line) explanted with the spleen and pancreas 2 weeks after injection of syngeneic Hy15549 cells.
Derek J. Erstad et al. Dis. Model. Mech. 2018;11:dmm034793
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