1. Section 3: Cellular Respiration
Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration.

2. Essential Questions What are the stages of cellular respiration?
What is the role of electron carriers in each stage of cellular respiration?
What are the similarities between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?
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Cellular Respiration

3. Vocabulary Review New cyanobacterium anaerobic process
aerobic respiration
aerobic process
glycolysis
Krebs cycle
fermentation
Cellular Respiration
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4. Overview of Cellular Respiration
Organisms obtain energy in a process called cellular respiration.
Respiration harvests electrons from organic molecules and uses the energy to make ATP.
The equation for cellular respiration is the opposite of the equation for photosynthesis:
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Cellular Respiration

5. Overview of Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration occurs in two main parts: glycolysis and aerobic respiration.
Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, meaning it does not require oxygen.
Aerobic respiration involves the Krebs cycle and electron transport.
Aerobic processes require oxygen.
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Cellular Respiration

6. Glycolysis Glucose  Pyruvate
Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm through the process of glycolysis.
Two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH are formed for each molecule of glucose that is broken down.
Glucose  Pyruvate
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Cellular Respiration

7. Krebs Cycle Glycolysis has a net result of two ATP and two pyruvate.
Most of the energy from the glucose is still contained in the pyruvate.
Glycolysis Happens out here….
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Cellular Respiration

8. Krebs Cycle CO2 Pyruvate
In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrial matrix, where it is converted into carbon dioxide.
When pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide it Is called the Krebs cycle, also know as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
CO2
Pyruvate
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Cellular Respiration

9. Krebs Cycle Steps of the Krebs cycle
Prior to the Krebs cycle, pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl CoA.
Acetyl CoA moves into the mitochondrial matrix.
Acetyl CoA combines with a 4-carbon compound to form citric acid.
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Cellular Respiration

10. Krebs Cycle Steps of the Krebs cycle
Citric acid is broken down releasing two molecules of carbon dioxide and generating one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2.
Finally, acetyl CoA and citric acid are generated and the cycle continues.
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Cellular Respiration

11. Electron Transport
In aerobic respiration, electron transport is the final step in the breakdown of glucose.
NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP to ATP.
Electron transport and chemiosmosis in aerobic respiration are similar to the processes of photosynthesis.
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Cellular Respiration

12. Electron Transport Prokaryotic cellular respiration
Some prokaryotes undergo aerobic respiration.
They do not have mitochondria, so they use the cellular membrane as the location of electron transport.
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Cellular Respiration

13. Anaerobic Respiration
When oxygen is unavailable, cells cannot follow glycolysis with the aerobic respiration (Krebs cycle and electron transport).
The anaerobic process that follows glycolysis is anaerobic respiration, or fermentation.
Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, and produces NAD+ and ATP.
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Cellular Respiration

14. Anaerobic Respiration
Lactic acid fermentation
Enzymes convert the pyruvate made during glycolysis into lactic acid.
Skeletal muscles produce lactic acid when the body cannot supply enough oxygen, such as during periods of strenuous exercise.
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Cellular Respiration

15. Anaerobic Respiration
Alcohol fermentation
Occurs in yeast and some bacteria
Converts pyruvate into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
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Cellular Respiration

16. Respiration What kind of respiration occurs during exercise?
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Cellular Respiration

17. Respiration What kind of respiration occurs during exercise?
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Cellular Respiration

18. Respiration What kind of respiration occurs during exercise?
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Cellular Respiration

19. Respiration What kind of respiration occurs during exercise?
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Cellular Respiration

20. Respiration What kind of respiration occurs during exercise?
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Cellular Respiration

21. Respiration
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Cellular Respiration

22. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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Cellular Respiration

23. Add link to concepts in motion interactive table from page 232 here.
Energy in a Cell
Virtual Lab
FPO
Add link to concepts in motion interactive table from page 232 here.
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Cellular Respiration

24. Add link to concepts in motion interactive table from page 233 here.
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
BrainPOP
FPO
Add link to concepts in motion interactive table from page 233 here.
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Cellular Respiration

25. Review Essential Questions Vocabulary
What are the stages of cellular respiration?
What is the role of electron carriers in each stage of cellular respiration?
What are the similarities between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?
Vocabulary
anaerobic process
aerobic respiration
aerobic process
glycolysis
Krebs cycle
fermentation
Cellular Respiration
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