1. Retrograde Infusion of Lidocaine or l-Arginine Before Reperfusion Reduces Myocardial Infarct Size 
Richard Lee, Takashi Nitta, Ralph A. Schmid, Richard B. Schuessler, Kevin M. Harris, William A. Gay 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 65, Issue 5, Pages (May 1998)
DOI: /S (98)

2. Fig. 1
Experimental protocol at each time point (T). (D2 = second diagonal branch; IV-l-ARG = intravenous l-arginine; IV-LID = intravenous lidocaine; LAD = left anterior descending coronary artery; Retro-l-ARG = retrograde l-arginine; Retro-LID = retrograde lidocaine; Retro-NS = retrograde normal saline solution; TTC = triphenyltetrazolium chloride.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

3. Fig. 2
The occlusion site (A) is immediately distal to the second diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The infusion catheter (B) is placed through the coronary sinus, and the tip is positioned at the orifice of the great cardiac vein.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

4. Fig. 3
Comparison of left ventricular (LV) area at risk (presented as a percentage of LV mass) between treatment groups. All groups were similar (p = 0.631). The error bar represents one standard deviation. See Fig. 1 for group definitions.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

5. Fig. 4
Comparison of area of necrosis (presented as percentage of left ventricular mass) between experimental groups. The error bar represents one standard deviation. The broken line represents 75% necrosis in the area at risk, the mean of the control, Retro-NS, and IV-LID groups. (diamond = p < versus control, Retro-NS, and IV-LID groups; asterisk = p < 0.03 versus control and Retro-NS only; see Fig. 1 for group definitions.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

6. Fig. 5
Comparison of mean coronary sinus (C.S.) pressure (millimeters of mercury) at baseline and during retrograde infusion between treatment groups and all groups receiving retrograde perfusion. The error bar represents one standard deviation. There was no significant difference between groups (p = 0.620), but there was a difference before and during infusion in all groups (p < 0.001). See Fig. 1 for group definitions.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )