1. Human Reproduction and Development
Packet 13
Human Reproduction and Development

2. (A) SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Aim: How does the structure of the human reproduction system relate to its functions?
(A) SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Reproduction is the production of a new offspring
Two types—sexual and asexual
Sexual reproduction always involves:
Fertilization: fusion of nuclei of egg and sperm to form a zygote
Development: growth of the zygote into a new individual

3. Fertilization can be either internal or external
Internal—fertilization occurs inside the female body—fewer eggs because there is a better chance of survival
External—fertilization occurs outside the body in the environment—common in aquatic plants and animals—eggs and sperm are released directly into the water—risky so there are large numbers of eggs and sperm released

4. (B) SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
Reproductive system is the only system in the human body in which the organism can still lead a healthy life if it is not used or working properly
First 6 weeks of development—males and females are identical
7th week in which the primary reproductive organs develop

5. Gonads=reproductive organs
Males—testes—produce testosterone
Females—ovaries—produce estrogen
Production of the hormones determine whether the embryo will develop physically into a male or female

6. (C) MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
main function is to produce and deliver sperm

7. STRUCTURE Testes—primary male reproductive organ—produces testosterone
Scrotum—sac that contains the testes
Seminiferous tubules: tiny tubules where sperm is produced
Epididymis: where sperm matures and is stored

8. Vas deferens: extends into the abdominal cavity where it meets with the urethra
Urethra: tube that leads outside the body through the penis
Seminal vesicle, prostate gland and bulbourethral gland—produce seminal fluid—semen—2.5 million sperm per drop

10. SPERM STRUCTURE Head—contains the nucleus-contains _______
Midpiece—contains mitochondria for __________
Tail—used to propel the sperm towards the egg