1. Plants
Module 13

2. Plants share common characteristics
Photosynthetic autotrophs
(use the sun’s energy to make sugar/glucose)
Multicellular
(made of eukaryotic cells)
Producers
(are the base of the food web in ecosystems)

3. Plant Classification 2 major categories: Non-vascular
(no tubes / vessels)
Vascular
(tubes/vessels for transport)

4. Plant Classification Vascular plants are further divided Seedless
(use spores for reproduction)
Seeded
(use seeds for reproduction)

5. Plant Classification Seed plants are further divided Gymnosperms
(seeds in cones)
Angiosperms
(seeds in fruits that develop from flowers)

6. STERNGRR Processes Synthesis: Photosynthesis used to make food
Protein synthesis
Chloroplasts

7. STERNGRR Processes Transport: Non-vascular plants use osmosis
Vascular plants have xylem to transport water and phloem to transport food (in vascular bundle / vein)
FOOD
WATER

8. STERNGRR Processes Excretion:
Tiny openings in the leaf called stomata allow gas exchange; regulated by guard cells
Wastes may be stored in leaves that fall off in autumn

9. STERNGRR Processes Respiration:
Use oxygen and sugar to produce ATP for energy

10. STERNGRR Processes Nutrition:
Sugar produced in photosynthesis is used for cellular respiration or stored for later use.

11. STERNGRR Processes Growth and Development:
Seeds germinate to start the process of development into a new plant

12. STERNGRR Processes Asexual Reproduction:
Occurs through the process of vegetative propagation

13. STERNGRR Processes Spores:
Produced by non-vascular and seedless vascular plants for reproduction

14. STERNGRR Processes Seeds: Found in cones in gymnosperms
Found in fruits that develop from flowers in angiosperms

15. STERNGRR Processes Flowers: Male parts Stamen - anther and filament
Female parts
Pistil – stigma, style
and ovary

16. STERNGRR Processes Flowers:
Pollination occurs when pollen (male) is transferred to the stigma (female)
Fertilization occurs when a sperm (in pollen) meets egg (in ovary)

17. STERNGRR Processes Regulation
Hormones – regulate growth and control responses to stimuli (Ex. auxin, cytokinen, ethylene)
Tropisms – growth responses to external stimuli

18. Plant Adaptations - Leaf
Cuticle
Surface area
Carnivorous
Protection

19. Plant Adaptations - Stem
Tuber
Succulent
Tendrils
Runners

20. Plant Adaptations - Root
Taproot
Fibrous Roots
Root hairs