1. Invertebrates
Chapter 24-27

2. Organizing Your Knowledge
Plants Animals Fungi Protists Prokaryotes
July 22, 2012
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3. Organizing Your Knowledge
Draw a black line between organisms that have simple cells and those that have complex cells. Draw a blue line between organisms that are primarily unicellular and those that are multicellular Separate heterotrophic and autotrophic multicellular organisms with a green line Draw a red line between those heterotrophs that ingest their food and then digest it
July 22, 2012
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4. Animal Characteristics
Feeding and Digestion
Animals – Heterotrophic (feed on other organisms)
Support
Invertebrates
without backbone
Exoskeleton or Endoskeleton
Vertebrates
with back bone
Endoskeleton
Habitats
Live in various habitats because of variations/adaptations
July 22, 2012
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5. Animal Characteristics
Cell Structure
No cell walls
Organized into tissues (except sponges)
Movement
Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Internal and external
Hermaphrodites – produce egg and sperm in same animal body (earthworms)
July 22, 2012
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6. Animal Characteristics
Asexual Reproduction
Budding – forms as a growth on the parent
Fragmentation – piece breaks off and forms new individual
Regeneration – regrow a body part or a body
Parthenogenesis – female produces egg that develops without being fertilized
Asexual Reproduction Video
July 22, 2012
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7. Animal Characteristics
Tissue Development
Ectoderm
Becomes skin/outer layer
Mesoderm
Middle / muscles, skeleton, gondads, kidneys, circulatory system
Endoderm
Innermost / lining of digestive tract, liver, pancreas, lungs
July 22, 2012
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8. July 22, 2012
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9. July 22, 2012
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10. Terminology Anatomical Terminology Dorsal / Ventral
Posterior / Anterior
Proximal / Distal
Medial / Lateral
Cephalization
Head region
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11. Ways to Group Symmetry Body Cavities Development July 22, 2012
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12. Symmetry Spherical: sphere; divided in half
Bilateral: mirror images; halves
Radial: divided along any plane
Asymmetrical: 2 sides don’t match

13. Radial / Bilateral Symmetry Activity
July 22, 2012
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14. Radial
Sea urchin, sand dollar, anemone, hydra, starfish, flower, jellyfish

15. Bilateral
Insect, Monarch butterfly, Blue Flatworm (aquatic, Spider, Crab, Turtle, Cat, Hedgehog

16. Animals with Radial Symmetry Animals with Bilateral Symmetry
Examples:
Parts arranged in a circle around central axis
Right and left sides
No dorsal and ventral surfaces
Dorsal and ventral surfaces
No anterior or posterior ends
Anterior and posterior ends
No distinct head
Distinct head
Sedentary or passively drifting
Move actively through environment
Encounters environment equally from all directions
Head, with sensing organs (eyes, nose), controls environment

17. Body Cavities
Types of Body Cavities
July 22, 2012
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18. Body Cavities
Hydra x.s

19. Development Coelomate Animals
Protostome Development
Mouth develops from first opening
Final outcome for each cell can’t be altered
Mesoderm splits down the middle to form coelom
Deuterostome Development
Anus develops from first opening
Final outcome for each cell can be altered
Two pouches of mesoderm form the coelom.

20. July

21. July 22, 2012
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22. Phyla Sponges Porifera Jellyfish, anenomes, corals Cnideria: Flatworms
Round worms
Segmented Worms
Clams, Snails, Octopus, Squid
Insects, Spiders, Crustaceans
Sea urchin, Starfish, Sand dollar
Vertebrates
Porifera
Cnideria:
Platyhelminthes:
Nematoda:
Annelida:
Molluska:
Arthropoda:
Echinodermata:
Chordata:

23. Porifera - Sponges Phylum: Porifera (“pore bearers”) No true tissue
Sexual & Asexual reproduction
They are:
multicellular,
heterotrophic,
lack cell walls,
contain a few specialized cells.
Sponges are the most ancient members of the kingdom Animalia.

24. Phylum: Cnidaria—includes jellyfishes, sea fans, sea anemones, hydras, and corals
Cnidarians are aquatic, soft- bodied, carnivorous, radially symmetrical animals with stinging tentacles arranged in circles around their mouths.
They are the simplest animals to have body symmetry.
Cnidarians

25. Cnidarians 2 body plans: Sessile polyp and floating medusa
No Head or specialized organs for transport of materials
Cnidarians

26. Moon Jelly Life Cycle Video Amazing Jellies Monterey Bay Live Jelly Cam
7/27/2019

27. Cnidarians
Corals live with algae, algae give the different color based on the type of algae

28. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
3 Types: planaria, flukes, tapeworms
Flatworms are soft, unsegmented, flattened worms that have tissues and internal organ systems.
They are the simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers, bilateral symmetry, and cephalization.
Flatworms do not have coeloms.

29. Watch the following video and write a “transcript” of what is being said.
Planaria
Planaria II
Tapeworm
7/27/2019

30. Nematoda - Roundworms Phylum: Nematoda
Nematodes are unsegmented worms with:
pseudocoeloms (specialized tissues and organ systems)
digestive tracts with two openings—a mouth and an anus.
Nematodes were once thought to be closely related to flatworms, annelids, and mollusks but have been found to be more closely related to the arthropods.

31. Nematoda - Roundworms
Roundworm Video

32. Annelids(Segmented worms)
Phylum: Annelida (annellus = “little ring”)
Includes:
Earthworms
some marine worms
leeches
Water or damp soils (1mm-3m)

33. 7/27/2019

34. Annelids(Segmented worms)
Annelids are worms with segmented bodies and a true coelom lined with tissue derived from mesoderm
Digestion now has mouth and anus. Also simple crop and gizzard
Closed circulatory system (stays in vessels) Blood picks up oxygen from skin
Leeches have suckers for attachment

35. Earthworm

36. Earthworm

37. Earthworm

38. Earthworm

39. Earthworm

40. 16 15 17
July 22, 2012
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41. Molluska
Phylum: Mollusca—includes snails, slugs, clams, squids, and octopi
Most with shells, some lacking
They have true coeloms surrounded by mesoderm and complex organ systems.
Many mollusks have a free-swimming larva, or immature stage, called a trochophore.

42. Molluska Squid (15 m and over 500 pounds) one of largest invertebrates
Must be in moist environment
Used for food, can carry parasites, invasive species (zebra mussles)

43. Mollusks Video
7/27/2019

44. Molluska Mantle: membrane that secretes the shell
Foot: Used for locomotion in all except cephlopods (squid)
Digging (clams)
Attachment (mussels)
Secretes mucus path (slugs)
Gills: Extract oxygen
Incurrent/Excurrent siphon (water in and out)
Radula: Rows of teeth at the mouth. Used like a sander to capture food (scrape algae off of rocks, drill holes in clams, harpoon)
Open Ciruculation
Opposite sexes with external fertilization
Molluska

45. Clam (Mollusk-Bivalve)

46. Arthropods Phylum: Arthropoda (arthron = “joint,” podos = “foot”)
Spiders
Centipedes
Insects – crickets, grasshoppers, etc
Crustaceans (crayfish, lobster)
Arthropods appeared in the sea about million years ago and have since colonized freshwater habitats, land, and air.

47. Arthropods bodies divided into segments
a tough external skeleton called an exoskeleton
made of chitin and molting
Cephalization
jointed appendages, which are structures such as legs and antennae that extend from the body wall.
Compound Eyes
Open circulation
Gills if in water/Tracheae and spiricles if terrestrial

49. Crayfish
External Anatomy

50. Crayfish
Internal Anatomy

51. Echinoderms
Phylum: Echinodermata (echino = “spiny,” dermis = “skin”)—includes sea stars, sea urchins, and sand dollars.
Echinoderms have spiny skin and an internal skeleton.
They also have a water vascular system—a network of water-filled tubes that include suction-cuplike tube feet, which are used for walking and gripping prey.
Most exhibit five-part
radial symmetry and
are deuterostomes.

52. Starfish